Term
| What is a polycystronic message? |
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Definition
| One mRNA gives rise to multiple proteins. |
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Term
| How can the same gene code for different proteins in eukaryotes? |
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Definition
| You can have multiple splice variants that include different assortments of introns. |
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Term
| Why does having 2 copies of the same gene allow a gene to develop new functions? |
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Definition
| It releases the selection pressure, allowing one gene to accumulate mutations without disrupting normal functioning. |
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Term
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Definition
| It is a duplicate copy of another gene that has mutated to the point where it is no longer functional (eg. stop codons in the middle of a gene) but it is still recognizable. |
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Term
| On average, is more space in a gene devoted to introns or exons? |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 examples of genes that humans have tandemly repeated: |
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Definition
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Term
| What are SINES and LINES? |
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Definition
| They are short interspersed nuclear elements and long interspersed nuclear elements. These are the two types of mammalian moderately repeated DNA, which consists of families of repeat elements that are similar but not identical and dispersed throughout the genome via retrotransposition. |
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Term
| What does transcriptionally active DNA look like? |
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Definition
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Term
| In DNA footprinting, what is labeled with P32? |
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Definition
| Just one end of one strand of the DNA sequence. |
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Term
| 3 possible types of histone modifications: |
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Definition
| Methylation, phosphorylation, and acylation |
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Term
| What happens if you treat a DNA/protein complex with formaldehyde? |
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Definition
| It forms crosslinks and bonds more tightly. |
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Term
| How do you reverse the formaldehyde induced crosslinks between protein and DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does a retrovirus prime the DNA copy of its RNA genome? |
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Definition
| The reverse transcriptase uses tRNA attached to its RNA genome as a primer. |
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Term
| How does the second strand of a DNA copy of a retrovirus get primed? |
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Definition
| The other end of the first strand primes it. |
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Term
| Are Alu elements LINES or SINES? |
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Definition
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Term
| What makes retrotransposons different from retroviruses? |
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Definition
| Retrotransposons do not have the ability to make a protein coat, so they can only move around in a single cell and its descendants. |
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Term
| 2 ways that viruses could cause cancer: |
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Definition
-If a viral promoter hops in downstream from an oncogene or cell cycle gene
-If they bring a copy of a eukaryotic gene with them that's disregulated (eg vSrc |
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Term
| How do Alu elements allow 2 copies of the same gene to end up on one chromosome? |
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Definition
| They repeat often in between genes. They can line up and cause unequal crossover and unequal recombination. |
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Term
| What portion of the human genome consists of repeat DNA sequences? |
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Definition
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