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preferential treatment to qualified members of a group that has been discriminated against Goal: Increase representation of minorities |
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| specifies a number/percentage of minorities/women to be hired, admitted or promoted |
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| masc. and fem. ways of creating/expressing closeness are viewed as diff. but both equally valid |
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| relationship theory that says men's ways of expressing closeness are inferior to womens |
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a movement opposing any measures that advance women's equality aka. backlash |
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countermovement that seeks to contain feminism by: 1. women never have had it so good 2. fem. causes serious problems in lives and relationships aka. antifeminism |
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| movement to prevent allowing women to vote |
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men and women are alike and women should have same economic, political, professional, and civic opportunities and rights as men. ex. NOW (nat'l org. of women) |
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| women and men differ in fundamental ways (biology) and that women and men have diff. standpoints, which = diff. experiences. |
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2nd Wave aka women's liberation movement women activists of New Left Politics treated as subordinates --> "the personal is political"- use consciousness raising to educate |
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feminism + ecological philosophy oppression of women goes with larger ideology of women, animals, and earth being dominated |
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| feminists concerned with race and racial oppression |
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2nd Wave women have the power to reject seeing themselves as victims of men or society |
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| woman identified b/c they're lesbians, commited to fighting for the legal rights for all woman-identified women |
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| feminists who focus on valuing traditionally feminine skills and their contributions |
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| feminist gropus who live in women-centered communities because of patriarchal culture |
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| Afr. Am. women who's goals are gender and race oriented. these women were dissatisfied with white, middle-class women's views of fem. |
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| Afr. Am women to celebrate and foster solidarity among black women |
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Goals: 1. inclusive of diversity 2. to use personal life and action for political impact 3. to work to build coilitions with other oppressed groups |
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believe that women and men are alike and should be equal- join liberal feminists aka. profeminist men |
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aka. male feminists equality of women and men |
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nat'l org. for men against sexism equality for men and women & gay and straight,thru workshops, groups discussions, pub speaking, educational programs, and traitorous identities |
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a group member's criticism of particular attitudes and actions that are accepted and normative within the group ex. sexist jokes |
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white ribbon campaign btwn nov. 25 and dec. 6 men wear ribbons to commemorate the Montreal Massacre and to end violence against women |
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Mentors in Violence Prevention Katz, educate men about socialization that links masc. to violence and agression. motivates them to reject violence |
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| sees men as oppressed and seeks to preserve men's freedom from women and feminization |
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| goal is to restore traditional roles for men and women, which leads to men's patriarchal "rights" |
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| aims to restore men's pride in being "real men"- tough, rugged, invulnerable, and self-relient |
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raise public awareness about the custody rights of divorced fathers thru dramatic stunts and humor want to be more involved in children's lives |
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late 80's-early 90's by Robert Bly men need to rediscover their masculine modes of feeling |
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| men's yearning to be close to other men and to build deep, enduring bonds with them b/c as children their relationship with father was distant |
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1990's men's movement that calls men together to pray and commit to God's divisions of labor |
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| black men of all religions and classes encouraged to pledge themselves to spiritual transformation and political action. |
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| success for women lies in attracting men rather than pursuing careers |
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| pressure felt by many women students at colleges to be beautiful, fit, popular, smart and accomplished w/o visible effort |
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| prohibit dis. against race, color, religion, sex, or nat'l origin. seek to protect INDIVIDUAL members of groups that have been targets for dis. |
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| depictions of sexual activities that are agreed to and enjoyed by the parties participating in the activities, no violence, whereas porn does |
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| killing of females- dowry deaths are an example |
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| physical, verbal, emotional, sexual, visual brutality inflicted on members of one sex. includes gend. intimidation, sexual assault, harrassment, genital mutilation, gend. based murder. |
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| treatment of members of one sex in ways that make them feel humiliated, unsafe, or inferior because of their sex |
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| women cant advance into upper echelons of careers |
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| sex segregation on the job. positions dont have advancement ladders |
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| statement of intent regarding the representation of women and minorities. do not require results or quotas |
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| organization, content, and teaching styles that reflect gender stereotypes and sustain gend. inequalities by devaluing female and minority students |
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| hostile environment harassment |
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| conduct of a sexual nature that interferes with a person's ability to perform a job or gain an education |
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| removal of clitoris and labia minora and joining of the lips of the labia majora |
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| concent given by an adult whose judgement isnt impaired |
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| intimate partner violence |
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| physical, mental, emotional, verbal, or economic power by one partner against the other partner in a relationship |
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| invisible hand discrimination |
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the inadvertent application of policies that are not inherently biased- unconscious ex. women's accomplishments credited to "luck" |
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| senior colleague who helps a junior build a career |
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| verbal comments and behaviors that devalue members of a group but do not violate antidis. laws |
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| partners are interdependent |
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| psychological responsibility |
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remember, plan, think ahead, organize women do this for kids in relationship |
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| actual or threatened use of professional or academic rewards or punishments to gain sexual compliance from a subordinate or student |
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| homemaking after coming home from work |
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| sexual activity to which at least one participant has not given informed consent |
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| unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature |
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| the secion of edu. amend. of 1972 that makes it illegal for schools that accept fed. funds to dis. on the basis of sex |
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1. sex object 2. mother 3. child 4. iron maiden |
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1. sturdy oak (tough in control) 2. fighter (brave warriors) 3. breadwinner |
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| stereotypes of girls at school (4) |
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1. nice 2. girly 3. spice 4. tomboys dont like spice |
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| textbooks represent more ____ than ____ |
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| mothers or fathers are more present in books? |
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1. think manager, think male 2. communication styles dont change 3. men and women cant work together |
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| 1964, prohibits discrimination against an individual because of his or her particular race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. |
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federal funding for equal male and female opportunities |
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| Tannen: Rapport and Report |
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rapport- women report- men |
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1. shapes awareness 2. shapes cultural understanding 3. men and women different 4. perceptions of gender 5. evaluates gender 6. allows self-reflection |
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| Men and problem solving/ dealing with stress |
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| assess the problem and do it alone/ focus on problem by themselves |
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| women and problem solving/dealing with stress |
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| share and collaborate/ share problems and get input |
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| Women's Movements: difference btwn liberal and cultural ideologies |
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| liberal is the same, cultural is different |
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first: 1840-1925 second: 1960-1995 third: late 1990's |
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Liberal: Suffrage Cultural: Cult of Domesticity |
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Liberal- Liberal Womanism Multiracial Power Cultural- Radical Lesbian Separtatism Revalorism Ecofeminist |
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DATES FOR VOTING: Interracial Marriage: |
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black men- 1870 women- 1920 interracial marriage- 1967 |
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| the camera is often positioned in a ____ ____ |
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| what is the most powerful type of media? |
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| Ads, b/c we think we're immune and thy have visual images, which analyze less. |
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| Hall's encoding/decoding model |
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| Social Context --> production of meaning --> encoding--> meaningful discourse --> decoding --> production of meaning 2 --> social context |
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| Hall's encod/decode model: what can the audience member do with the meaning? (3) |
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| accept, negotiate, or reisist |
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| Stages of Cycle of abuse: |
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| tension --> explosion --> remorse --> honeymoon |
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| intimate partner violence is a function of what gender orientation? |
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| teacher disapproval mostly towards this type of person |
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