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Definition
| Male and Female; refers strictly to the biological components and classifications. (DNA, genitals, etc) |
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Definition
| Term refers to the psychological aspects of being male or female; beyond biological sex to personal interpretation. |
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Definition
| 23rd pair on the DNA strand; female XX, male Xy. |
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Definition
| Glands that produce sex hormones; ovaries and testes. |
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Definition
Females have higher progesterone and estrogen
Males have higher testosterone (androgen) |
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| Secondary Sex Characteristics |
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Definition
Traits that differ between the sexes but are not reproductive in nature.
Ex) Breasts or beards. |
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Definition
| Sense of belonging, either male or female. |
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Definition
| Have attributes of both male and female; such as someone who was born with both ovaries and testes, or genitals that are not clearly defined. |
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Definition
| Experiencing one's psychological gender as different from one's physical sex. |
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Term
| Gender Identity Disorder (GID) |
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Definition
| Strong discomfort with one's sex. |
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Term
| Disorders of Sexual Development |
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Definition
| Development of chromosonal, gonadal or atomical sex is atypical. (like the kid born with both parts) |
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Term
| Biological Theory of Gender Development |
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Definition
| Looks at the genes, hormones, brain structures and functions. Especially interested in the difference between infants of the opposite sex. Studies show early preference for the typical boy/girl toys. |
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| Evolutionary Theory of Gender Development |
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Definition
The sexes differ as part of natural selection, based on the roles they needed to fill.
Note: explains why women want quality mates while men want quantity. |
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Term
Social Cognitive Approach
(Gender and Sexuality) |
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Definition
Focuses on how children are subconsciously nurtured into one gender schema or the other.
The child internalizes information about gender and the way the environment reinforces gender behavior.
Learned through reward, punishment, modeling and obsevational learning. |
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Term
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Definition
The social and cultural institutions that affect the psychological concept of gender identity.
Analytical observation; hard to change. Acknowledge difference due to division of labor, and what is un/acceptable for each gender.
Source of gender roles and stereotypes, internalized and used to create expectations for life goals and imbalanced social structure. |
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| Cognitive Differences Between Sexes |
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Definition
- No difference in over-all intellectual ability, yet discrepency in science and math fields
- Women outperform Men in verbal ability
- Men outperform Women in visuospatial ability
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Term
| Gender Similarities Hypothesis |
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Definition
| Males and Females more similar than different |
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Term
Gender and Aggression;
Is one gender more aggressive than the other? |
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Definition
Agression: any behavior intended to harm others
- Men are more overtly aggressive (conduct disorder more than 3x more likely in men)
- Women more rationally aggressive (social aggression)
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Term
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Definition
Direction of erotic interest.
(This does not just mean behavior) |
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Definition
- first sex researcher; father of sexology (ca. 1948)
- studied bisexuality (reported 12% of men and 7% of women to be bisexual)
- studied unfaithfulness (reported 50% of married men to be so, but modern research suggests 25% of men and 15% of women)
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Term
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Definition
| An object or activity that arouses somone sexually |
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Term
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Definition
Sexual disorders that feature recurrent sexually arousing fantasies, urges or behaviors involving non-human objects, suffering or humiliation of oneself or others, or children and non-consenting adults.
Considered to be caused by a form of classical conditioning. |
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