Term
True or False:
Diabetes is a greater risk factor for heart disease in woman then in men. |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
More men than woman die of CVD each year. |
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Definition
FALSE!
Women get it later, but more die each year. |
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Term
| How do woman and men differ in terms of atherosclerotic plaque complication? |
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Definition
1) Men and older women have plaque (large necrotic core with disrupted fibrous cap)
2) Younger women have plaque erosion (absent fibrous cap at plaque erosion site)
Women have greater chance of microvascular embolization. |
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Term
| What are the basic gender differences in terms of cardiac anatomy, function and autonomic tone? |
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Definition
1) Anatomy
- women have smaller LV mass, wall thickness, LA dimensions and LEDV
2) Function
- Women have lower SV, higher EF % and faster HR
3) Tone
- women have lower symp and greater parasymp, as well as decreased NE. |
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Term
| Why do women get heart disease later then men? |
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Definition
Estrogen!
- Decreases LDL
- Increases HDL and TGA
- Increased NO availability and inhibition of endothelial response to injury (plaque formation) |
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Term
| What determines whether a women is at High risk, risk or ideal risk of heart disease, according to the AHA? |
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Definition
High risk
1) Atherosclerotic Disease
- CHD (prior MI or blockages in coronary arteries)
- Peripheral artery disease (previous bypass or blockages)
- Cerebrovascular disease (prior stroke or carotid endarterectomy/stent)
- Abdominal aortic aneurysm
2) DM
3) End stage or chronic kidney disease
4) 10 year Framingham CVD risk > 10%
At Risk
1) > 1 risk factor for CVD
Ideal Risk
1) Total cholesterol <200
2) BP <120/80
3) Fasting blood sugar < 100
4) BMI < 25
5) No smoking
6) Physical activity
7) Good diet. |
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Term
| Why is aspirin given to women who are at high risk (AHA) for heart disease? |
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Definition
| Lower likelihood of atherosclerosis, thrombosis and embolism. |
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Term
Which of the following should be used for primary prevention of CVD?
1) Antioxidants
2) Aspirin
3) Folic acid supplement
4) SERMs
5) Hormone therapy for menopause |
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Definition
2) Aspirin
The others are CONTRAINDICATED |
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Term
| How does ACS differ in women from in men? |
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Definition
1) 64% of women who die suddenly had no previous symptoms (vs. 50% men)
2) More women die after 1 year and 5 years, but they are also noted to have had less therapy. |
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Term
True or False:
Chest pain with normal coronary arteries does not increase risk of CHD in women. |
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Definition
FALSE!
With normal coronary arteries
1) Vasospasms
2) Endothelial dysfunction
3) Autonomic abnormalities
can ALL cause HD. |
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Term
| How can women with "normal" coronary arteries presenting with chest pain STILL get CV events? |
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Definition
1) Vasospasms
2) Endothelial dysfunction
3) Autonomic abnormalities |
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