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| Bisulfate/hydrogen sulfate |
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| Bisulfite/ hydrogen sulfite |
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| Bicarbonate/hydrogen carbonate |
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| Kinetic Molecular Theory of Mater |
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| a set of five statements that are used to explain the physical behabior of the three states of matter (solid, liquid, and gas) |
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Pressure is inversly related to volume
P1V1=P2V2
P=K(1/V)
PV=K |
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Temperature is proportional to volume
V1/T1=V2/T2 |
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Pressure with constant volume is directly proportional to temperature(kalvin).
P1/T1=P2/T2 |
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An expression obtained by mathematically combining Boyle's and Charles Law
(P1*V1)/T1=(P2*V2)/T2 |
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PV=nRT
PV/nT=.0821 (atm*L/mol*K) |
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| The process by which molecules escape from the liquid phase to the gas phase (kenetic energy) |
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| Requires the input (absorbtion) of heat |
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| Requires heat to be given up (released) |
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| Gaseous molecules of a substance at a temperature and pressure at which we ordinarily would think of the substance as a liquid or solid |
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-Matter is ultimately composed of tiny particles that have definite and characteristic size that do not change
-the particles are in constant, random motion and therefore possess kinetic energy
-the particles interact with one antoher throught attractions and repulsions and therefore possess potential energy
-the velocity of the particles increases as the temperature is increased
-the particles in a system transfer energy to each other through elastic collisions |
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| bounce off each other and continue |
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| masses glob together with no resulting movement |
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| situation in which two opposite processes take plave at the same time |
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| the pressure exerted by a vapor aboe a liquid when the liquid and vapor are in equilibrium |
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| Substance that readily evaporates at room temperature because of high vapor pressure ex) gasoline |
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| Intermolecular force in liquids |
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| is an attractive force that acts between a molecule and another molecule |
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| intermolecular force that occures between POLAR molecules |
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| extra strong dipole-dipole interaction between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a small, very electronegative atom (F,O,or N) and have a lone pair of electrons on another small very electronegative atom |
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| are weak bonds due to temporary uneven electron distributions causing slightly negative or positive charges |
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| Homogeneious combination of two or more substances in which each substance retains its ownchemical identity |
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| The component of a solution that is present in the greatest amount |
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| is a solution component that is present in a smaller amount relative to that of the solvent |
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| the max amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent |
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| S=k#(P)....k#--solubility=partial pressure |
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| is a solution in which less solute than the max amount possible is dissolved in the solution |
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| contains the max amount of solute that can be dissolved under the conditions at which the solution exists |
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| contains more than the max amount of solute (possible in some situations) |
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| Contains a small amount of solute relative to the amoung that could be dissolved |
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| solution where water is the solvent |
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| solution in which water is not the solvent |
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| Factors that affect the rate of solution |
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-Subdivision: partivle size--increase surface area
-Agitation: mixing or stirring
-Temperature: high temps cause more collisions between molecules |
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| the amount of solute present in a specific amoung of solution |
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| (Mass of solute/Mass of solution)X 100 |
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| (Volume of solute/volume of solution) X 100 |
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| (Mass of solute/ Volume of solution) X 100 |
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| Moles of solute/liter of solution |
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| Physical properties of a solution that depend only on the number (concentration) of solute partivles (molecules or ions) in a given quantity of solvent and not on their chemical identities |
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| the passage of a solvent from a dilute solution (or pure solvent) through a semipermeable membrane into a more concentrated solution |
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| the amoung that must be applied to prevent the net flow of solvent through a semipermeable membrane from a solution of lower solute concentration to a solution of higher solute concentration |
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product of its molarity and the number of partivles produced performula unit when the solute dissocrates
Osmolarity=molarity X i---i=the number of particles |
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| osmotic pressure is equal to that within the cell |
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| lower osmotic pressure than that within a cell |
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| higher osmotic pressure than that within a cell |
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| the process whihc a semipermeable membrane permits the passage of solvent, dissolved ions, and small molecules but blocks the passage of large molecules |
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reaction of a substance with oxygen (usually from air) that proceeds with the evolution of heat and usually with a flame
CO2+H2O are products |
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| the process whereby a reactant in a chemical reaction gains one or more oxygen atoms, loses 1+ hydrogen, or loses 1+ electon |
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| the process whereby a reactant in a chemical reactions loses one or more oxygen atoms, gains 1+ hydrogen or electon |
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| process wherein two opposing chemical reactions occur simultaneously at the same rate |
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