Term
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Definition
| the numerical relationships between amounts of reactants and products in a balanced chemical equation |
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Definition
| the reactant that has the smallest stoichiometric amount in a reactant mixture and consequently limits the amount of product in a chemical reaction |
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Definition
| the greatest possible amount of product that can be made in a chemical reaction based on the amount of limiting reactant |
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Definition
| the amount of product actually produced by a chemical reaction |
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Definition
| the percentage of the theoretical yield of a chemical reaction that is actually produced; the ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield multiplied by 100% |
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Definition
| a homogeneous mixture of two substances |
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Definition
| the majority component of a solution |
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Definition
| the minority component of a solution |
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Term
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Definition
| a solution in which water acts as the solvent |
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Term
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Definition
| a solution that contains a very small amount of solute relative to the amount of solvent |
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Term
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Definition
| a solution that contains a large amount of solute relative to the amount of solvent |
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Term
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Definition
| a means of expressing solution concentration as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution |
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Term
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Definition
| a highly concentrated form of a solution used in laboratories to make less concentrated solutions via dilution |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance that dissolves in water to form solutions that conduct electricity |
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Term
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Definition
| a compound that does not dissociate into ions when dissolved in water |
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Term
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Definition
| an acid that completely ionizes in solution |
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Term
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Definition
| an acid that does not completely ionize in water |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance that does not completely ionize in water and only weakly conducts electricity in solution |
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Term
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Definition
| able to dissolve to a significant extent, usually in water |
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Term
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Definition
| incapable of dissolving in water or being extremely difficult of solution |
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Term
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Definition
| an equation showing the complete neutral formula for each compound in a reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| an equation which lists individually all of the ions present as either reactants or products in a chemical reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| ions in a complete ionic equation that do not participate in the reaction and therefore remain in solution |
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Term
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Definition
| an equation that shows only the species that actually change during the reaction |
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Term
| acid-base reaction (neutralization reaction) |
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Definition
| a reaction in which an acid reacts with a base and the two neutralize each other, producing water |
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Term
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Definition
| a reaction in which two aqueous solutions are mixed and a gas forms, resulting in bubbling |
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Term
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Definition
| the definitions of an acid as a substance that produces H+ ions in aqueous solution and a base as a substance that produces OH- ions in aqueous solution |
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Term
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Definition
| the ion formed from the association of a water molecule with an H+ ion donated by an acid |
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Term
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Definition
| an acid that contains more than one ionizable proton and releases them sequentially |
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Term
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Definition
| an acid that contains two ionizable protons |
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Term
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Definition
| an ionic compound formed in a neutralization reaction by the replacement of an H+ ion from acid with a cation from the base |
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Term
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Definition
| a laboratory procedure in which a substance in a solution of known concentrations is reacted with another substance in a solution of unknown concentration in order to determine the unknown |
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Term
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Definition
| the point in a titration at which the added solute completely reacts with the solute present in the solution; for acid-base titrations, the point at which the amount of acid is stoichiometrically equal to the amount of base in a solution |
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Term
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Definition
| a dye whose color depends on the pH of the solution it is dissolved in; often used to detect the endpoint of a titration |
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Term
| oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction |
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Definition
| reactions in which electrons are transferred from one reactant to another and the oxidation states of certain atoms are changed |
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Term
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Definition
| the loss of one or more electrons; also the gaining of oxygen or the loss of hydrogen |
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Term
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Definition
| the gaining of one or more electrons; also the gaining of hydrogen or the loss of oxygen |
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Term
| oxidation state (oxidation number) |
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Definition
| a positive or negative whole number that represents the "charge" an atom in a compound would have if all shared electrons were assigned to the atom with a greater attraction for those electrons |
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Definition
| a substance that causes the oxidation of another substance; an oxidizing agent gains electrons and is reduced |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance that causes the reduction of another substance; a reducing agent loses electrons and is oxidized |
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