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a slowly moving mass or river of ice formed by the accumulation and compaction of snow on mountains or near the poles.
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| an unattractive or unsatisfactory feature, especially in a piece of work or in a person's character. |
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flammable gas, consisting largely of methane and other hydrocarbons, occurring naturally underground (often in association with petroleum) and used as fuel.
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the collection of eight planets and their moons in orbit around the sun, together with smaller bodies in the form of asteroids, meteoroids, and comets.
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hot fluid or semifluid material below or within the earth's crust from which lava and other igneous rock is formed by cooling.
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| a celestial body moving in an elliptical orbit around a star. |
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| a combustible black or dark brown rock consisting mainly of carbonized plant matter, found mainly in underground deposits and widely used as fuel. |
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| the point on the earth's surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake. |
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A nuclear power plant is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor. As is typical in all conventional thermalpower stations the heat is used to generate steam which drives a steam turbine connected to a generator which produces electricity.
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| move in a circle on a central axis. |
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the formation of new areas of oceanic crust, which occurs through the upwelling of magma at midocean ridges and its subsequent outward movement on either side.
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| the side or part of an object that presents itself to view or that is normally seen or used first; the most forward part of something. |
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| a scientific theory that describes the large-scale motions of Earth's lithosphere. The model builds on the concepts of continental drift, developed during the first few decades of the 20th century. |
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the rapid expansion of matter from a state of extremely high density and temperature that according to current cosmological theories marked the origin of the universe.
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a body of air with horizontally uniform temperature, humidity, and pressure.
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hot molten or semifluid rock erupted from a volcano or fissure, or solid rock resulting from cooling of this.
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| wear away or change the appearance or texture of (something) by long exposure to the air. |
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| move or cause to move in a circle around an axis or center. |
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| A sheath of tissue surrounding the organs of a mollusk, producing the mollusk's shell and performing respiration. |
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| the perceptible natural movement of the air, especially in the form of a current of air blowing from a particular direction. |
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| is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume; it is a quantity of type number density. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans. |
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| a sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action. |
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| the center of interest or activity. |
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an elastic wave in the earth produced by an earthquake or other means.
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a current in a fluid that results from convection.
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| the spiral galaxy containing our solar system. With the naked eye it is observed as a faint luminous bandstretching across the heavens, composed of approximately a trillion stars, most of which are too distant tobe seen indiviually. |
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| the process of eroding or being eroded by wind, water, or other natural agents. |
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a numerical scale for expressing the magnitude of an earthquake on the basis of seismograph oscillations. The more destructive earthquakes typically have magnitudes between about 5.5 and 8.9; the scale is logarithmic and a difference of one represents an approximate thirtyfold difference in magnitude.
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the part of the brain at the back of the skull in vertebrates. Its function is to coordinate and regulate muscular activity.
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| a large membranous tube reinforced by rings of cartilage, extending from the larynx to the bronchial tubes and conveying air to and from the lungs; the windpipe. |
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| the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat. |
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| the process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth. |
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| the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. |
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| Either of the two identical cells that form when a cell divides. Either of the two cells formed when a cell undergoes celldivision by mitosis. |
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the principal and most anterior part of the brain in vertebrates, located in the front area of the skull and consisting of two hemispheres, left and right, separated by a fissure. It is responsible for the integration of complex sensory and neural functions and the initiation and coordination of voluntary activity in the body.
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| propagate (an organism or cell) as a clone. |
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an animal that feeds on plants.
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| any of a large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues and including sugars, starch, and cellulose. They contain hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as water (2:1) and typically can be broken down to release energy in the animal body. |
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| a distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person. |
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the action or process of mutating.
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| the haploid set of chromosomes in a gamete or microorganism, or in each cell of a multicellular organism. |
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| an animal that naturally preys on others. |
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| the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics. |
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| any of the muscular-walled tubes forming part of the circulation system by which blood (mainly that which has been oxygenated) is conveyed from the heart to all parts of the body. |
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a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.
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a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins, found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins.
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| An autotropic organism capable of producing complex organic compoundsfrom simple inorganicmolecules through the process of photosnythisis (using light energy) or through chemosnythsis (using chemical energy). |
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the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell.
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| an action that is performed as a response to a stimulus and without conscious thought. |
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| any of the distinct types of material of which animals or plants are made, consisting of specialized cells and their products. |
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the central trunk of the mammalian brain, consisting of the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain, and continuing downward to form the spinal cord.
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| is a microbially facilitated process of nitrate reduction (performed by a large group of heterotrophic facultative anaerobic bacteria) that may ultimately produce molecular nitrogen (N2) through a series of intermediate gaseous nitrogen oxide products. |
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the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. The theory of its action was first fully expounded by Charles Darwin and is now believed to be the main process that brings about evolution.
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a blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen. Antibodies combine chemically with substances that the body recognizes as alien, such as bacteria, viruses, and foreign substances in the blood.
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tissue that connects, supports, binds, or separates other tissues or organs, typically having relatively few cells embedded in an amorphous matrix, often with collagen or other fibers, and including cartilaginous, fatty, and elastic tissues.
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| an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form. |
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| a thing or event that evokes a specific functional reaction in an organ or tissue. |
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| A cell that is the source of other cells, as a cell that divides to produce two or more daughter cells, or a stem cell that is a progenitor ofother cells or is the first in a line of developing cells. |
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| a hierarchical series of organisms each dependent on the next as a source of food. |
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| a substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against one or several diseases, prepared from the causative agent of a disease, its products, or a synthetic substitute, treated to act as an antigen without inducing the disease. |
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| a part of an organism that is typically self-contained and has a specific vital function, such as the heart or liver in humans. |
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| deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information. |
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| each of the two upper cavities of the heart from which blood is passed to the ventricles. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the veins of the body; the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein. |
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| Membranous tissue composed of one or more layers of cells separated by very little intercellular substance and forming the covering of most internal and external surfaces of the body and its organs. |
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the main artery of the body, supplying oxygenated blood to the circulatory system. In humans it passes over the heart from the left ventricle and runs down in front of the backbone.
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| the total mass of organisms in a given area or volume. |
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the system that circulates blood and lymph through the body, consisting of the heart, blood vessels, blood, lymph, and the lymphatic vessels and glands.
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| turn from liquid into vapor. |
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| the remains or impression of a prehistoric organism preserved in petrified form or as a mold or cast in rock. |
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| a hollow part or cavity in an organ. |
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| an animal that feeds on flesh. |
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| The organs and glands in the body that are responsible for digestion. |
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