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Gebo Test #2
N/A
77
Anthropology
Undergraduate 1
03/25/2013

Additional Anthropology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
olfaction
Definition
scent oriented
Term
niche
Definition
a way of life.
two species may occupy the same niche.
one may become extinct
(ex. awake at night, feeding patterns, etc)
Term
nocturnal/diumal
Definition
awake at night / awake 24/7
Term
primate habits
Definition
Term
sympatric
Definition
occupying the same overlapping geographical areas without interbreeding (lives together)
Term
allopatric
Definition
occuring in seperate, non-overlapping geographical areas (lives in different places: opposite side of grand canyon/rivers)
baboons - grassland
chimps - forests
Term
frugivore
Definition
feeds on fruit
Term
folivore
Definition
feeds on leaves
Term
insectivore
Definition
carnivore that feeds on insects
Term
primate characteristics
Definition
5 fingers/toes, opposable thumbs / big toe, grasping hands and feet, nails (vs. claws), relatively large brain, stereoscopic vision (eyes have come forward - depth perception), limbs - long / joints, diagonal couplets (right hand -> left foot / left foot -> right hand), sociality, extended infant care, decrease in offspring numbers, increase in longevity
Term
arboreality
Definition
resembling a tree
Term
visual predation theory
Definition
Term
primate taxonomy
Definition
350 species of primates
Term
Strepsirhini
Definition
adapiformes (extinct group of primates)
"lemur-like"
notharctus (shorter face and forward facing eyes)
Term
Haplorhini
Definition
"dry-nosed" primates
Tarsiiformes (found is Southeast Asia today)
Omomyids
“tarsier-like”
Hemiacodon
Term
galago behavior and ecology
Definition
Term
lemur behavior and ecology
Definition
Term
platyrrhines (new world monkeys)
Definition
in central and south america:
callitrichids
altelids
callitrichids
Saguinus ocdipus (tamarin)
Saguinus ocdipus
Cebus monkeys
Brachyteles
Term
prehensile tails
Definition
a tail that is adapted to hold or grasp onto things
Term
anthropoidea*****
Definition
old world monkeys
more advanced colored vision because seeing during day
Term
hominoidea*****
Definition
Term
autogrooming / allogrooming
Definition
combing hair, brushing teeth = autogrooming
combing someone elses hair = allogrooming
primates allogroom for social purposes
Term
marking behavior
Definition
Term
primate locomotion
Definition
Term
vertical clinging and leaping
Definition
Term
quadrupedalism
Definition
using 4 limbs
Term
brachiation
Definition
arm swinging
Term
knuckle-walking
Definition
gorillas and chimpanzees
Term
clambering/climbing
Definition
a skill the majority of monkeys use for protection
Term
mother-infant bond
Definition
Term
display
Definition
Term
dominance
Definition
chimps - male dominance
lemurs - female dominance
cebus monkeys - male dominance
savanna baboons - male dominance
intelligence = high dominance rank
Term
central hierarchy
Definition
Term
agonistic behavior
Definition
males "jumpfight" to see who could win the female
Term
submissive behavior
Definition
Term
altruism
Definition
concerned for the welfare of others
Term
social organization
Definition
types of relationships:
monogamy
polygamy
polygynous
Term
multimale groups
Definition
a group that contains more than 1 male, 1 female, and 1 female.

chimps, cebus monkeys, savanna baboons
Term
harem
Definition
a group within gorillas

2-30 in a group (average=10)
Silverback male (15+)
Blackback males (8-13; 250 ibs.)
3-4 sexually mature females (8+; 200 lbs)
3-6 immatures (under 8; infants = birth to 3; juveniles = 3-6 years; young adults = 6-8)
Term
solitary
Definition
Galagos / Bushbabies, Lorises,
Term
monogamous
Definition
one spouse at a time
Term
polyandrous/polygynous
Definition
a woman takes two or more husbands / a man takes two or more wives
Term
fission-fusion community
Definition
community where the size and composition of the social group change as time passes ; animals move (fusion) sleeping in one place or split (fission)
Term
social learning
Definition
replicating behavior observed in ones environment
Term
birth interval
Definition
gorillas: 3.8 years
new world monkeys: 9-15 months
Term
consortships
Definition
Term
matrilines
Definition
a system where descent is traced through the mother and ancestors-- savanna baboons have a more "promiscuous structure and strict dominance" according to the matriline
Term
Imo
Definition
Japanese for 'yam' or 'potato' - nicknamed a Japenese Macque this because she would clean off the sweet potatos they left for the Macques on the beach. All of the other animals started to do this.
Term
language studies
Definition
Term
cooperative hunting
Definition
chimps - meat = cooperative hunting
Term
termite fishing
Definition
a method chimps use to eat termites. they stick a stalk of grass in a termite hole and when they pull it out, it is covered in termites
Term
nut cracking
Definition
using a tool or a rock to smash a nut into in order to break the shell
Term
ant dipping
Definition
dipping a tool-such as a stick-into an ant hill
Term
cannibalism
Definition
some chimps would eat human babies and chimp babies
Term
warfare
Definition
chimps warfare = competition for food
Term
friends/alliances
Definition
Example: Figan & Faben
Term
deception
Definition
Term
Harlow's isolation experiments*
Definition
Experiment 1
Rhesus monkeys isolated at birth
Isolates vs. Peers
Experiment 2
2 artifical mothers
wire “mother” and bottle (milk) vs. cloth “mother”
Term
Madagascar
Definition
unique animals and plants
home of lemurs, indriids, chelrogaleids, daubentoniid
total = 22 species
Term
subfossil lemurs*
Definition
32 total species
Term
Dian Fossey
Definition
American zoologist that studied gorillas
Term
Birute Galdikas
Definition
primatologist, ethologist, conservationist, and author of many books about the Bornean orangutan (endangered)
Term
Jane Goodall
Definition
British primatologist, ethologist, anthropologist that studied chimps in the 1960s.
Term
silverback male
Definition
in the Harem group. African ape.
knuckle-walkers, 300-400 lbs, 5.9 tall,
Term
sexual dimorphism
Definition
phenotypic (physical) difference between males and females of the same species
savanna baboons and gorillas are sexually dimorphic
Term
male-male bonds
Definition
Chimpanzees
Term
male or female exogamy
Definition
exiting a group for mating purposes in order to mate with
Term
territoriality
Definition
callitrichids (very territorial)
Term
home range*
Definition
cebus monkeys = large home range
lemur = home range is larger because of troops (more to feed)
Term
stink fighting
Definition
Lemurs: a tacktic used by male lemurs to establish dominance (ex: Similar to skunks)
Term
estrus
Definition
Chimpanzee female swelling
Term
grooming claw
Definition
the special claw or nail on the foot of a primate used for grooming
Term
toothcomb
Definition
a dental structure in mammals where their teeth look like a haircomb (lemurs)
Term
cryptic*
Definition
animals that are difficult to observe
Term
primate evolution*
Definition
Adaptation
Phylogeny
Geological Time
Term
fossil primates
Definition
extinct primates with a fossil record (Omomyids)
Term
geological time periods
Definition
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