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A device which uses lenses to magnify small things. |
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The smallest unit of life, many of these make up an organism. |
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The semi-permeable "container" that holds a cells contents together and controls what enters and leaves a cell. |
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The gel-like substance which holds all of a cells contents. |
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A part of a cell with a specific function. |
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The part of a cell which controls its activities. |
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An molecule containing the genetic code. |
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The place in a cell where respiration occurs. |
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Made of cellulose this tough outer layer surrounds some cells and can control the shape of the cell. |
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The compound which makes up the cell wall in plant cells. |
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A space in a cell which may contain water or solution. Plant cells often have one large vacuole. |
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These contain chlorophyll to absorb sunlight for photosynthesis. |
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The green substance in some plant cells that absorbs sunlight. |
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A special type of telescope for looking at objects smaller than a light microscope can magnify sufficiently. |
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The double-helix shapes DNA structure found in many cells, including human cells. |
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A ring of DNA capable of replicating itself. Found in bacteria commonly. |
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Long thread-like parts of some cells that help them move. |
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The act of making something appear bigger (using a lens). |
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Where two things both increase at the same ratio to each other. |
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The structures made up of DNA. Found in cells nuclei in animals. |
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The name given to a section of DNA that controls a particular characteristic. |
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The shape of the DNA molecule. |
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The building blocks of DNA that can be adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine. |
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The base that pairs with thymine. |
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The base that pairs with adenine. |
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The base that pairs with cytosine. |
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The base that pairs with guanine. |
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Adenine and thymine or cytosine and guanine - pairs of bases that bond together. |
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The weak bonds holding the double helix together. |
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Human Genome Project (HGP) |
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The research project to map all human genes. |
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All of organism's genetic information. |
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Manipulating (altering) an organisms genes using technology. |
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Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) |
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AN organism that has genes altered intentionally by humans. |
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A genetically modified rice designed to contain more beta-carotene (to produce vitamin A). |
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The substance that makes carrots orange and is important for vitamin A. |
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Something designed to kill particular plants. |
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The range of different biological life. |
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The cells that form after the first stage of mitosis or meiosis. |
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The original cell that undertakes mitosis or meiosis. |
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Reproduction involving mitosis to form identical off-spring. |
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Reproduction involving meiosis to give variation in offspring. |
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Containing half the number of normal chromosomes. |
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The fusion of gametes (sex cells) to make a new cell, e.g. sperm and egg. |
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The initial cell formed after fertilisation. |
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The ball of many cells in the initial stages of pregnancy. |
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Cell replication that involves the formation of daughter cells with different (and half the number of) chromosomes. |
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A particular form of a gene. |
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Identical genetic copies. |
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A cell with the nucleus removed. |
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When something is inserted into something else. |
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A mother who has been artificially inseminated (has had a donor embryo that is not her own). |
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Stem cells found in the embryo. |
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An unspecialised cell which can become other types of cell. |
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A cell which has become more specialised. |
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A stem cell that comes from an adult, as opposed to an embryo. |
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The code formed by genes / DNA. |
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The building blocks which form proteins and which proteins break down in to during digestion. |
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The building of new proteins. |
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DNA being copied into RNA. |
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The RNA which moves from the nucleus to the ribosomes. |
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Part of the RNA code that replace thyanine. |
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The place in a cell where protein synthesis occurs. |
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The method used to read the RNA code in sections of three. |
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Segments of three of the genetic code. |
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The RNA that brings amino acids to the ribosomes to be built into proteins. |
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An alteration to the genetic code. |
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A biological catalyst. It helps control the rate of a reaction. |
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Something which speeds up the rate of reaction but is not part of the reaction. |
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The break down of larger molecules of food into smaller ones. |
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The molecule an enzyme acts on. |
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Relating to one in particular. |
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The place on an enzyme where the reaction occurs. |
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‘Lock and key’ hypothesis |
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The idea that an enzyme's active site fits particular molecules. |
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The permanent damage of an enzyme. |
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The release of energy from glucose. |
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Respiration that requires oxygen. |
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The blood vessels that carry blood to cells. |
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The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration. |
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The difference between two areas of concentration. |
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The exchange of different gases (e.g. carbon dioxide and oxygen). |
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The amount of blood pumped from one ventricle in a heart beat. |
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The amount of blood pumped by the heart (from a ventricle) in one minute. |
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Respiration without oxygen that leads to lactic acid build up. |
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The acid that builds up as a product of anaerobic respiration. |
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Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) |
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Definition
The oxygen required to break down lactic acid after anaerobic respiration. |
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A carbohydrate (large molecule). |
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The release of energy from the reaction between carbon dioxide and water. |
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The tiny pores on the epidermis of land plants. |
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Surface area to volume ratio |
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Definition
The ratio of something's surface area to its overall volume. |
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A factor which causes a limit to something (e.g. limits photosynthesis). |
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The long thin cells on roots that give a large surface area for diffusion to occur. |
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The net movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration across a partially permeable membrane. |
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Partially permeable membrane |
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Definition
A membrane that only lets some (smaller) molecules pass through it. |
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The uptake of minerals against the concentration gradient (from low to high) that requires energy. |
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The (tubes) in a plant that transport water (and some minerals). |
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The (tubes) in a plant that carry sugar solution and some minerals around the plant. |
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The process by which moisture is carried through plants. |
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An instrument for measuring light intensity. |
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A particular place or surroundings. |
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A system of living things that are interact with each other. |
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An environment occupied by a particular species. |
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How something is spread out. |
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The number of individuals. |
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A method of selecting a smaller set of individuals from a population. |
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Sampling by using a method that gives random individuals or areas of study. |
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Something that is an example that represents the bigger population. |
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A device used to collect insects. |
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A net for catching some species. |
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A net for catching some species from ponds. |
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A hole dug to catch some species for sampling. |
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A square used to identify an area for sampling. |
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Sampling using a logical/mathematical way of working out where to sample from. |
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The preserved remains or traces of animals or plants. |
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The overall record of fossils found. |
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The theory that species change over time due to survival of the fittest. |
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Five toes or fingers on a limb. |
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An increase in size or quantity over time. |
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A value below which a certain percentage of individuals fall (e.g. 20% fall below the 20th percentile). |
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The pale yellow part of blood that holds the blood cells etc. in suspension. |
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The blood cells that carry oxygen (and have no nucleus). |
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The blood cells that fight infection. |
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The part of the blood that leads to clotting. |
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The iron compound in red blood cells that reacts with oxygen etc. in order to carry it from the lungs. |
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Definition
A collection of cells working together. |
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Proteins that identify and neutralise foreign bodies in the blood. |
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A collection of tissues working together. |
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A wall dividing something into two parts (as in the heart, lungs and nose). |
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The blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood to the heart. |
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Definition
The entrance chamber to the heart for dexoygenated blood. |
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A "flap" that opens to allow blood to flow in the correct direction and closes to prevent backflow. |
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Definition
The second chamber in the heart for deoxygenated blood that pumps it to the lungs. |
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Definition
The blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs. |
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Definition
The entrance chamber to the heart for oxygenated blood from the lungs. |
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Definition
The blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium. |
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Definition
The second chamber for oxygenated blood which pumps the blood to the body. |
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Definition
The blood vessel which carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body. |
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Definition
"Tubes" which carry blood. |
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Blood vessels which carry blood away from the heart. |
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Blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart. |
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Organs working together to perform a function. |
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The system that transports blood etc. around the body. |
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The system that breaks down food into smaller molecules for absorption. |
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The gut (tubes of the digestive system). |
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The ball of food swallowed down the oesphagus. |
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Definition
A watery substance found in the mouth that contains amylase. |
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The tube that carries out peristalsis to carry a bolus of food from the mouth to the stomach. |
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Definition
The action of moving a bolus of food through the oesophagus. |
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The part of the digestive system containing acid and pepsin. |
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Definition
The part of the digestive system where digestion and absorption occurs of all food groups. |
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Definition
The small structures on the intestines that increase surface area and allow absorption to happen. |
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The organ that releases enzymes into the digestive system. |
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Definition
The part of the digestive system where water is mainly absorbed. |
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The waste from digestion. |
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The opening at the end of the digestive system. |
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Definition
The organ with many jobs including bile production. |
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The substance which neutralises stomach acid and helps to emulsify fats. |
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The place where bile is stored. |
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Definition
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Definition
Complex molecules built from amino acids. |
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Definition
Food molecules that are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids. |
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Definition
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen molecules found in food (i.e. a type of carbohydrate). |
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Definition
Enzymes that break down carbohydrates into simpler sugars (e.g. glucose or maltose). |
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Definition
The enzyme that breaks carbohydrates down into maltose (or glucose/simple sugars). |
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Definition
The enzymes that break proteins down into amino acids. |
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Definition
The small molecules that make up proteins. |
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Definition
The enzyme found in the stomach that breaks down proteins and works in acidic conditions. |
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Definition
The enzymes that break down fats into fatty acids and glycerol. |
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Definition
An acid that make up fats. |
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Definition
A liquid that make up fats. |
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Definition
A mixture of two or more liquids that will not mix well normally. |
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Definition
Something that allows two liquids that will not mix well to intersperse. |
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A food with an ingredient that has an additional purpose (such as promoting health of the digestive system). |
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Live microorganisms that may benefit the host. |
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A bacteria that helps break down lactose. |
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A "good bacteria" that helps with digestive health. |
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Plant extracts that reduce certain cholesterol levels. |
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Definition
A waxy substance from fats needed by the body but which can block arteries if too much is present in the blood. |
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Foods that help promote growth of good bacteria. |
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A type of sugar that may act as a prebiotic. |
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