Term
| C…………….., in plants, absorb light energy for photosynthesis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In plants, photosynthesis occurs mainly in the ................ . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In plants, water required for photosynthesis enters through the… |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The gas required for photosynthesis is ………………. and it enters the plant through ……………….. |
|
Definition
| Carbon dioxide, through leaf pores |
|
|
Term
| This gas- ……………………is a product of photosynthesis, and it leaves the plant through the ………………… |
|
Definition
| Oxygen, through leaf pores |
|
|
Term
| Explain how leaves are adapted for efficient photosynthesis: broad so large ................ area; ................ so short distance for gases to travel; contain ................ to absorb light; have a network of ................ for support and transport of water and minerals; ................ for gas exchange |
|
Definition
| Surface, thin, chlorophyll, veins, stomata |
|
|
Term
| (H) Explain how the cellular structure of a leaf is adapted for efficient photosynthesis: ................ is transparent; palisade layer at the top containing most of the .............. ; air spaces in the ................ …………….allow diffusion between stomata and photosynthesising cells; internal surface area / volume ratio very ................ . |
|
Definition
| Epidermis, chloroplasts, spongy mesophyll, large |
|
|
Term
| Gas exchange in the leaves happens by the process of … |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is a leaf palisade cell is well adapted for photosynthesis? |
|
Definition
| Contains more chloroplasts than other cells in leaves |
|
|
Term
| The plant cell wall provides s................ . State that lack of water can cause plants to d................ (wilt) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe how water travels through a plant: absorbed from soil through root ................ ; transported through the plant ……… to the leaves; e................ from the leaves (t................ ). |
|
Definition
| Hairs, stem, evaporates, transpiration |
|
|
Term
| Water enters the root hair cells by ……………… |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| O................ is the movement of ................ across a ................ -permeable membrane from an area of ................ water concentration (i.e. d................ solution) to an area of ................ water concentration (i.e. c................ solution). |
|
Definition
| Osmosis, water, partially, high, dilute, low, concentrated |
|
|
Term
| (H) Osmosis happens due to the r................ movement of water particles in all directions. It is the type of d................ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Plants are supported by the t................ pressure within cells: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The roots of plants are well adapted to absorb water, with root hairs increasing the ................ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transpiration is useful for plans as it helps in c................ ; bring water up to the leaves for p................ ; s................ ; movement of m................ |
|
Definition
| Cooling, photosynthesis, support, minerals |
|
|
Term
| Water is lost from the plant leaves by this process … |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is the structure of a leaf is adapted to reduce excessive water loss: |
|
Definition
| The waxy cuticle; small number of stomata on upper surface |
|
|
Term
| In plants, water is transported by these special tissues… |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In plants, food is transported by these special tissues… |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (H) It is important that the phloem vessels are made up of living cells. This is because movement of food requires ………………….., and only living cells can produce this, by respiration. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The movement of food substances by the phloem is called … |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (H)Transpiration happens faster in warmer conditions because the water molecules will have more ………………..and so evaporate faster. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (H)In bright sunlight ………………stomata will be open (more gas exchange for …………………). This results in more water diffusing out the leaves. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (H)In windy conditions, the rate of transpiration ………………. because water vapour near this the stomata gets blown away allowing more of it to………………... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In dry conditions, there are very few water molecules in the ………….. so ……….. water diffuses out of the leaves. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| NPK fertilizer contains the essential elements: |
|
Definition
| Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium |
|
|
Term
| Magnesium is needed by the plants for … |
|
Definition
| Chlorophyll for photosynthesis |
|
|
Term
| Nitrogen is needed by the plants for… |
|
Definition
| Making amino acids to make proteins which are needed for cell growth |
|
|
Term
| Phosphorus is needed by the plants for… |
|
Definition
| DNA and cell membranes to make new cells for respiration and growth |
|
|
Term
| Potassium is needed by the plants for… |
|
Definition
| Making compounds needed to help enzymes in photosynthesis and respiration |
|
|
Term
| A plant which is deficient in magnesium will show this symptom: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A plant which is deficient in nitrogen will show these symptoms |
|
Definition
| Poor growth and yellow leaves |
|
|
Term
| The plant deficient in potassium will show these symptoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A plant which is deficient in phosphate will show these symptoms |
|
Definition
| Poor root growth and discoloured leaves |
|
|
Term
| The minerals that the plant needs are absorbed from the soil by the roots. They are dissolved in water in quite ................ concentrations. The concentration of these minerals in the root hairs is much ................ . This means that they cannot be taken in by ................ . In fact minerals are taken into the root hairs by a process known as ................ transport. This process moves substances from ................ concentration to ................ concentration- against ................ gradient. It requires energy from ................ to do this. For active transport to happen the roots need ................ for respiration. This is why farmers try to make sure that their soil is not w................ because this reduces oxygen content of the soil. |
|
Definition
| Low, higher, diffusion, active, low,high,concentration,respiration,oxygen,waterlogged |
|
|
Term
| We can use the ................ stored in biomass in different ways: (a) we can ................ wood that comes from fast-growing trees (b)we can produce ................ by using yeast to ferment the biomass (c)we can produce ................ which contains gases produced by ................ fermenting the biomass. |
|
Definition
| Energy, burn, alcohol, biogas, bacteria |
|
|
Term
| Organisms that break down dead organic material are called ................ . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The two main groups of decomposers are ................ and ................ . They release ................ on the dead organic material and then take up the partially digested chemicals. |
|
Definition
| Bacteria, fungi, enzymes. |
|
|
Term
| This type of feeding is called s................ nutrition and the bacteria and fungi are called s................ . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Animals such as e................ , m................ and woodlice feed on pieces of dead and decaying material. They are called d................ . |
|
Definition
| Earthworms, maggots, detritivores |
|
|
Term
| (H) Detritivores increase the rate of decay by finely breaking up material so it has a larger ................ ……………. This means that it can be broken down faster by the decomposers. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is rate of decay affected by temperature? Explain? |
|
Definition
| Rate of decay increases as enzymes work better in warmer conditions. |
|
|
Term
| In order for organic material to decay, several things need to be present: m................ , o................ and ................ . ................ is needed for the aerobic respiration of the microbes, while ................ is needed to allow substances to dissolve and the chemical reactions of respiration to occur. It also needs to be ................ enough. |
|
Definition
| Microorganisms, oxygen, water, oxygen, water, warm |
|
|
Term
The following diagram shows a food chain:
Oak tree Greenfly ladybird blue tit
What do the arrows show? |
|
Definition
| It shows the direction of the flow of energy in the food chain |
|
|
Term
| What is biomass? How is this used to draw the pyramid of biomass |
|
Definition
| Biomass is the mass of living things. The mass of all the organisms at each level in the food chain is added up and the mass is used as one step of the biomass pyramid |
|
|
Term
| What is the term used to describe each step of the biomass pyramid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (H) give two ways in which the pyramid of biomass is a better way of representing energy flow in the food chain rather than the pyramid of numbers |
|
Definition
| Firstly it clearly shows energies continuously lost as you progress from producer to the top consumer. Secondly, allows you to calculate the efficiency of a food web straight from the pyramid. |
|
|
