Term
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Definition
| gaseous state of any substance that normally exists as a liquid or a solid |
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Term
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Definition
| a measure of the force exerted on a unit area. In chemistry, pressure if often expressed in units of atmospheres (atm) or torr: 760 torr = 1 atm; in SI units, pressure is expressed in pascals (Pa) |
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Term
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Definition
| the SI unit of pressure: 1 Pa = 1 N/(m^2) |
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Term
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Definition
| a unit of pressure equal to 100 kPa |
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Term
| standard atmospheric pressure |
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Definition
| defined as 760 torr or, in SI units, 101.325 kPa |
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Term
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Definition
| a unit of pressure equal to 760 torr; 1 atm = 101.325 kPa |
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Term
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Definition
| a unit of pressure (1 torr= 1 mm Hg) |
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Term
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Definition
| a law stating that at constant temperature, the product of the volume and pressure of a given amount of gas is constant |
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Term
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Definition
| a law stating that at constant pressure, the volume of a given quantity of gas is proportional to absolute temperature (K) |
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Term
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Definition
| a statement that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| a statement that the volume of a gas maintained at constant temperature and pressure is directly proportional to the number of moles of the gas |
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Term
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Definition
| an equation of state for gases that embodies Boyle's law, Charles's law, and Avogadro's hypothesis in the form PV=nRT |
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Definition
| a hypothetical gas whose pressure, volume, and temperature behavior is completely described by the ideal-gas equation |
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Term
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Definition
| the constant of proportionality in the ideal-gas equation |
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Term
| standard temperature and pressure (STP) |
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Definition
| defined as 0* C and 1 atm pressure; frequently used as reference conditions for a gas |
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Term
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Definition
| the pressure exerted by a particular gas in a mixture |
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Term
| Dalton's law of partial pressures |
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Definition
| a law stating that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures that each gas would exert if it were present alone |
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Term
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Definition
| the ration of the number of moles of one component of a mixture to the total moles of all components; abbreviated X, with a subscript to identify the component |
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Term
| kinetic-molecular theory of gases |
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Definition
| a set of assumptions about the nature of gases. These assumptions, we translated into mathematical form, yield the ideal-gas equation |
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Term
| root-mean-square (rms) speed |
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Definition
| the square root of the average of the squared speeds of the gas molecules in a gas sample |
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Term
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Definition
| the escape of a gas through and orifice or a hole |
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Term
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Definition
| a law stating that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportion to the square root of its molecular weight |
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Definition
| the spreading of one substance through a space occupied by one or more other substances |
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Term
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Definition
| the average distance traveled by a gas molecule between collisions |
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Term
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Definition
| an equation of state for nonideal gases that is based on adding corrections of the ideal-gas equation. The correction terms account for intermolecular forces of attraction and for the volumes occupied by the gas molecules themselves |
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