Term
| Three phases of gas exchange |
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Definition
-Breathing
-Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood
-Body tissues take up oxygen and release carbon dioxide |
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Term
| Cellular respiration requires: |
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Definition
| a continuous supply of oxygen and the disposal of carbon dioxide |
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Term
| Animals exchange __ and ___ across moist body surfaces |
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Definition
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Term
| It can be the skin, but most animals have specialized body parts that promote gas exchange |
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Definition
-Gills- in fish and amphibians
-Tracheal systems- in arthropods
-Lungs- in tetrapods that live on land
-amphibians
-reptiles
-birds
-mammals |
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Term
| In the Human respiratory system, branching tubes convey air to ______ located in the chest cavity |
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Definition
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Term
| From the nasal cavity, air passes: |
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Definition
-To the PHARYNX
-Then LARYNX, past the VOCAL CORDS
-Into the TRACHEA, held open by cartilage rings
-Into the paired BRONCHI
-Into BRONCHIOLES
-And finally to the ALVEOLI, grapelike clusters of air sacs, where gas exchange occurs |
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Term
| What do mucus and cilia do in the respiratory passages? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are Alveoli well adapted for gas exchange? |
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Definition
-High surface area of capillaries
-High surface area of alveoli |
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Term
| How is the inside of alveoli well adapted for gas exchange? |
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Definition
-O2 diffuses into the blood
-Co2 diffuses out of the blood |
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Term
| What conditions can smoking cause? |
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Definition
-Lung cancer
-Heart disease |
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Term
| Smoking accounts for what percent of all lung cancer cases? |
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Definition
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Term
| Smoking increases/decreases the risk of other types of cancer? |
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Definition
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Term
| Mucus and cilia can/can't be damaged by smoking? |
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Definition
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Term
| Without healthy cilia, smokers must do what to clear dirty mucus from the trachea? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many people in the United States are killed by smoking? |
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Definition
440,000 people
(this is more than all the deaths from accidents, alcohol, drug abuse, HIV, and murders combined) |
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Term
| How many years get cut off from an adult's lifespan? |
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Definition
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Term
| What ventilates our lungs? |
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Definition
| Negative pressure breathing |
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Term
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Definition
| the alternate inhalationa nd exhalation of air (ventilation) |
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Term
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Definition
-The rig cage expands
-The diaphragm moves downward (diaphragm contracts)
-The pressure around the lungs decreases
-And air is drawn into the respiratory tract |
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Term
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Definition
-The rib cage contracts
-The diaphragm moves upward (diaphragm relaxes)
-The pressure around the lungs increases
- and air is forced out of the respiratory tract |
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Term
| Not all air is expelled during exhalation, so what happens to the remaining air? |
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Definition
-Some air still remains in the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
-This remaining air is "dead air"
- This, inhalation mixes fresh air with dead air |
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Term
| Breathing is ____________ controlled. |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the breathing control centers in the brain do? |
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Definition
| sense and respond to CO2 levels in the blood. |
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