What is the origin of the gluteus maximus muscle?

insertion?

action?

innervation?

artery?

• ilium posterior to gluteal line, posterior surface of sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament
• upper fibers: iliotibial tract (which inserts into lateral condyle of tibia); lowermost fibers: gluteal tuberosity of the femur
• extends the thigh and assists in its lateral rotation; laterally rotates the femur; steadies thigh adn assists in rising from sitting position.
• inferior gluteal nerve
• superior and inferior gluteal aa.
• gluteus maximus is a site of intramuscular injection

What is the origin of the gluteus medius muscle?

insertion?

action?

innervation?

artery?

• external surface of the ilium between the posterior and anterior gluteal lines
• greater trochanter of the femur
• abducts the femur; medially rotates the thigh; keep pelvis level when opposite leg is raised
• superior gluteal nerve
• superior gluteal a.
• the angle at which the gluteus medius tendon approaches the greater trochanter of the femur is anterior to the axis of rotation of the thigh, resulting in medial rotation

What is the origin of the gluteus minimus muscle?

insertion?

action?

innervation?

artery?

• external surface of the ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines
• anerior surface of greater trochanter of the femur
• abducts the femur; medially rotates the thigh
• superior gluteal nerve
• superior gluteal a.

What is the origin of the tensor fasciae latae (tensor of fascia lata)?

insertion?

action?

innervation?

artery?

• anterior part of the iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine
• iliotibial tract, which attaches to lateral condyle of tibia (Gerdy tubercle)
• flexes, abducts, and medially rotates the thigh
• superior gluteal nerve
• superior gluteal a.
• tensor fascia latae redirects the rotational forces of the gluteus maximus m.

What is the origin of the piriformis (passes through greater sciatic foramen)?

insertion?

action?

innervation?

artery?

• Anterior surface of 2nd-4th sacral segments; superior margin of greater sciatic notch and sacrotuberous ligament.
• superior border of greater trochanter of femur
• laterally rotates and abducts thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulum (stabilizes hip joint)
• ventral (anterior) rami of S1-S2
• N/A
• piriformis leaves the pelvis by passing through the greater sciatic foramen

What is the origin of the obturator internus (passes through lesser sciatic foramen)?

insertion?

action?

innervation?

artery?

• the internal surface of the obturator membrane and margin of the obturator foramen; pelvic surface of ilium and ischium
• medial surface of greater trochanter (above trochanteric fossa) of femur. 
• laterally rotates and abducts the thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulum (stabilizes hip joint)
• nerve to the obturator internus m.
• obturator a.
• the obturator internus m. leaves the pelvis by passing through the lesser sciatic foramen; the superior and inferior gemellus mm. insert on the obturator internus tendon

What is the origin of the gemelli, superior and inferior?

insertion?

action?

innervation?

artery?

• Superior: ischial spine; inferior: ischial tuberosity
• medial surface of greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of fossa; obturator internus tendon
• laterally rotates the thigh and abduct flexed thigh; steady femoral head in acetabulum.
• superior: nerve to the obturator internus m.; inferior:nerve to the quadratus femoris m.
• inferior gluteal a.

What is the origin of the quadratus femoris?

insertion?

action?

innervation?

artery?

• anterior surface of the femur and the anterior side of the medial and lateral intermuscular septa; lateral border of ischial tuberosity
• quadrate tubercle on intertrochnateirc crest of femur and area infeior to it; tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament.
• extends the knee; rectus femoris laterally flexes the thigh; staedies femoral head in acetabulum
• femoral nerve
• lateral circumflex femoral a., deep femoral a.
• circumflex femoral a., deep femoral a. composed of 4 muscles: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius and vastus medialis

What is the source and origin of superior clunial?

course?

distribution?

branches?

motor?

sensory?

• lateral cutaneous branches of the dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves S1-3. poserioe rami of L1-L3 nerves
• cross iliac crest
• supplies skin of gluteal region as far as greater trochanter
• no branches
• no motor functions
• skin of the superomedial portion of teh buttock.

What is the source and origin of middle clunial?

course?

distribution?

branches?

motor?

sensory?

• lateral cutaneous branches of dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves S1-3; posterior rami of S1-S3 nerves
• exit through posterior sacral foramina and enter gluteal region
• supplies skin of gluteal region as far as greater trochanter
• no branches
• no motor function
• skin of the intermediate medial portion of the buttock

What is the source and origin of inferior clunial?

course?

distribution?

branches?

motor?

sensory?

• posterior femoral cutaneous n.; posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh.
• cuve around inferior border of gluteus maximus
• supplies skin of gluteal region as far as greater trochanter
• no branches
• no motor function
• skin of the lower part of the buttock

What is the source and origin of sciatic nerve?

course?

distribution?

branches?

motor?

sensory?

• sacral plexus (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L4-L5 and S1-S3)
• leaves pelvis through greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis; enters gluteal region; descends deep to biceps femoris; bifurcates into tibial and common fibular nerves at apex of popliteal fossa
• supplies no muscles in gluteal region; supplies all muslces in posterior compartment of thigh
• tibial n., common fibular (peroneal) n.
• semitendinosus m., semimembranosus m., biceps femoris m., ischioconylar part of the adductor magnus m.; its branches supply all muscles of the leg and foot
• its branches supply the skin of the leg and foot (excluding the medial side of leg & foot)
• sciatic n. is composed of tibial and common fibular divisions; branches to muscles come from one of the two divisions, so that the sciatic n. is considered to have no direct muscular brs., only 2 terminal brs.

What is the source and origin of posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh?

course?

distribution?

branches?

motor?

sensory?

• sacral plexus (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S1-S3)
• leaves pelvis through greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis; runs deep to gluteus maximus; emerges from its inferior border; descends in posterior thigh deep to fascia lata
• supplies kin of buttock through inferior clunial branches and skin over posterior aspect of thigh and calf; lateral perineum, upper medial thigh via perineal branch
• inferior cluneal nn.; perineal br.
• sympathetic motor innervation to skin
• skin of the lower buttock & posterior thigh
• cutaneous nn. carry postganglionic sympathetic axons to skin

What is the source and origin of superior gluteal nerve?

course?

distribution?

branches?

motor?

sensory?

• sacral plexus (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L4-L5, S1)
• leaves pelvis through greater sciatic foramen superior to piriformis; runs between gluteus medius and minimus
• innervates gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fasciae latae
• superior & inferior brs
• gluteus medius m., gluteus minimus m., tensor fasciae latae m.
• none
• superior gluteal n. passes through the greater sciatic foramen superior to the piriformis m.

What is the source and origin of inferior gluteal nerve?

course?

distribution?

branches?

motor?

sensory?

• sacral plexus (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L5, S1-S2)
• leaves pelvis through greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis; divides into several branches
• innervates gluteus maximus
• no branches
• gluteus maximus m.
• none
• inferior gluteal n. passes through the greater sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis m.

What is the source and origin of nerve to quadratus femoris?

course?

distribution?

branches?

motor?

sensory?

• sacral plexus (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L4-L5, S1)
• leaves pelvis through greater sciatic foramen deep to sciatic nerve
• innervates hip joint, inferior gemellus, and quadratus femoris
• n. to the inferior gemellus m.
• quadratus femoris m., inferior gemellus m.
• none
• nerve to the quadratus femoris m. passes anterior to the obturator internus tendon

What is the source and origin of pudendal nerve?

course?

distribution?

branches?

motor?

sensory?

• Sacral plexus (S2-S4)
• enters gluteal region through greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis; descends posterior to sacrospinous ligament; enters perineum through lesser sciatic foramen
• supplies most innervation to the perineum; supplies no structures in gluteal region

What is the source and origin of nerve to obturator internus?

course?

distribution?

branches?

motor?

sensory?

• sacral plexus (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L5-S2 )
• enters gluteal region through greater sciatic foramen infeior to piriformis; descends posterior to ischial spine; enters lesser sciatic foramen; passes to boturator internues
• supplies superior gemellus and obturator internus.
• n. to the superior gemellus m.
• obturator internus m., superior gemellus m.
• none
• nerve to obturator internus m. crosses the ischial spine and enters the ischioanal fossa by passing through the lesser sciatic foramen