what is the source of the sural nerve?

branches?

motor?

sensory?

• formed by the union of the fibular communicating br. of the lateral sural cutaneous n. and the medial sural cutaneous nn.
• lateral calcaneal brs., lateral dorsal cutaneous n. of the foot
• no motor function
• skin of the posterior surface of the lower leg; skin of the lateral side of the foot
• sural n. courses posterior to the lateral malleolus at the ankle with the lesser saphenous v.

what is the source of the lateral femoral cutaneous n.?

branches?

motor?

sensory?

• lumbar plexus (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L2-L3)
• anterior & posterior brs.
• sympathetic motor innervation to skin
• skin of the lateral thigh
• cutaneous nn. carry postganglionic sympathetic axons to skin

what is the source of the femoral cutaneous, anterior?

branches?

motor?

sensory?

• femoral
• no branches
• sympathetic motor innervation to skin
• skin of the anterior thigh
• cutaneous nn. carry postganglionic sympathetic axons to skin

what is the source of the saphenous n.?

branches?

motor?

sensory?

• femoral n.
• infrapatellar br.
• none
• skin of the medial side of the leg and medial side of the foot
• saphenous n. travels with the great saphenous v.; it does not pass through the adductor hiatus at the knee; it passes anterior to the medial malleolus at the ankle

what is the source of the superficial fibular n.?

branches?

motor?

sensory?

• common fibular n.
• medial dorsal cutaneous n. to the medial side of the foot; dorsal digital nn. to the lateral 3 toes
• muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg (fibularis longus and brevis mm.)
• distal 1/3 of the anterior surface of the leg; dorsum of the foot excluding the skin of the web between the great toe and the 2nd toe and the distal interphalangeal segments of all toes
• "peroneal" is old terminology which has been replaced by "fibular"; the nail beds are supplied by nerves from the plantar surface of the foot

what are the tributaries of the great saphenous vein?

drains into?

regions drains?

• medial end of dorsal venous arch of foot, perforating communications with deep veins, superficial epigastric v., superficial circumflex iliac v., superficial external pudendal v.
• femoral v.
• skin and superficial fascia of the medial side of the foot and leg; skin and superficial fascia of most of the thigh; lower abdominal wall; perineal region
• greater saphenous v. is frequently used as graft material in coronary bypass surgery

what are the tributaries of the lesser saphenous v.?

drains into?

regions drains?

• lateral end of the dorsal venous arch of foot
• popliteal v.
• skin and superficial fascia of the lateral side of the foot and leg
• passes deeply into the popliteal fossa

what is the location of the superificial inguinal lymph nodes?

afferents from?

efferents to?

regions drained?

• in the superficial fascia parallel to the inguinal ligament and along the terminal part of the greater saphenous v.
• lymphatic vessels from the superficial lower limb, superficial abdominal wall, perineum
• external iliac nodes; deep inguinal nodes
• lower abdominal wall; external genitalia; superficial parts of the lower limb
• superficial inguinal nodes are 12-20 in number; they become inflamed during infections of the lower limb; they may become inflamed during infections of the external genitalia

what is the source of the femoral artery?

branches?

supply to?

• external iliac a.
• superficial epigastric a., superficial circumflex iliac a., superficial external pudendal a., deep external pudendal a., deep femoral a., descending genicular a., popliteal a.
• thigh, leg and foot
• femoral a. is continuous with the popliteal a., the name change occurs at the adductor hiatus

what is the source of the superficial epigrastric artery?

branches?

supply to?

• femoral a.
• cutaneous brs.
• superficial fascia and skin of the lower abdominal wall
• superficial epigastric a. is one of three superficial arteries that arise from the femoral a. (see also: superficial circumflex iliac a. and superficial external pudendal a.)

what is the source of the superficial circumflex iliac artery?

branches?

supply to?

• femoral a.
• unnamed muscular branches
• superficial fascia of lower abdomen and thigh
• superficial circumflex iliac a. crosses the upper thigh parallel to the inguinal ligament

what is the source of the superficial external pudendal artery?

branches?

supply to?

• femoral a.
• no named branches
• skin and superficial fascia of the upper medial thigh, skin of the pubic region
• superficial external pudendal a. is one of three superficial branches of the femoral a. near the inguinal ligament (see also: superficial circumflex iliac a., superficial epigastric a.)

what is the source of the deep femoral artery?

branches?

supply to?

• femoral a.
• medial circumflex femoral a., lateral circumflex femoral a., perforating aa. (3 or 4)
• hip joint, proximal thigh, posterior thigh
• deep femoral a. is the primary blood supply to muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh

what is the source of the lateral circumflex femoral artery?

branches?

supply to?

• deep femoral a.
• ascending br., transverse br., descending br.
• lateral thigh and hip
• lateral circumflex femoral a. arises from the femoral a. in ~14% of cases

what is the source of the medial circumflex femoral artery?

branches?

supply to?

• deep femoral a.
• ascending br., descending br.
• medial thigh and hip
• medial circumflex femoral a. arises from the femoral a. in ~20% of cases

what is the source of the femoral nerve?

branches?

motor?

sensory?

• lumbar plexus (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L2-L4)
• anterior femoral cutaneous brs., nn. to: sartorius m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m., vastus intermedius m., vastus medialis m., pectineus m.
• sartorius, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis, pectineus
• skin of anterior thigh
• passes under inguinal ligament lateral to femoral a.

what is the location of the deep inguinal lymph nodes?

afferents from?

efferents to?

regions drained?

• along the medial side of the femoral v. deep to the fascia lata and inguinal ligament
• superficial inguinal nodes, popliteal nodes
• external iliac nodes
• lower limb, external genitalia, lower part of the anterior abdominal wall
• the deep inguinal node in the femoral canal is called the node (or gland) of Cloquet

what is the origin of the sartorius muscle?

insertion?

action?

innervation?

artery?

• anterior superior iliac spine and superior part of notch inferior to it
• superior part of medial surface of the tibia (pes anserinus)
• flexes, abducts and laterally rotates the thigh; flexes leg at knee joint
• femoral nerve
• lateral femoral circumflex a., saphenous a.
• sartorius means "tailor"; its actions put the lower limb in the traditional cross-legged seated position of a tailor

what is the origin of the quadriceps femoris muscle?

insertion?

action?

innervation?

artery?

• lateral border of the ischial tuberosity
• quadrate line of the femur below the intertrochanteric crest
• laterally rotates the thigh
• nerve to the quadratus femoris m.
• inferior gluteal a.
• gluteal a. the nerve to the quadratus femoris m. also innervates the inferior gemellus m.

what is the origin of the rectus femoris muscle?

insertion?

action?

innervation?

artery?

• straight head: anterior inferior iliac spine; reflected head: above the superior rim of the acetabulum
• patella and tibial tuberosity (via the patellar ligament)
• extends the leg, flexes the thigh
• femoral nerve
• lateral circumflex femoral a.
• rectus femoris is part of the quadriceps femoris muscle

what is the origin of the vastus lateralis muscle?

insertion?

action?

innervation?

artery?

• lateral intermuscular septum, lateral lip of the linea aspera and the gluteal tuberosity
• patella and medial patellar retinaculum
• extends leg
• femoral nerve
• lateral femoral circumflex a., perforating branches of the deep femoral a.
• vastus lateralis is part of the quadriceps femoris muscle

what is the origin of the vastus medialis muscle?

insertion?

action?

innervation?

artery?

• medial intermuscular septum, medial lip of the linea aspera
• patella and medial patellar retinaculum
• extends leg
• femoral nerve
• lateral femoral circumflex a.
• vastus medialis is part of the quadriceps femoris muscle

what is the origin of the vastus intermedius muscle?

insertion?

action?

innervation?

artery?

• anterior and lateral surface of the femur
• patella
• extends the leg
• femoral nerve
• lateral femoral circumflex a.
• vastus intermedius is part of the quadriceps femoris muscle

what is the origin of the psoas major muscle?

insertion?

action?

innervation?

artery?

• bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
• lesser trochanter of femur (with iliacus) via iliopsoas tendon
• flexes the thigh; flexes & laterally bends the lumbar vertebral column
• branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L2-L4
• subcostal a., lumbar aa.
• he genitofemoral nerve pierces the anterior surface of the psoas major m

what is the origin of the iliacus muscle?

insertion?

action?

innervation?

artery?

• iliac fossa and iliac crest; ala of sacrum
• lesser trochanter of the femur
• flexes the thigh; if the thigh is fixed it flexes the pelvis on the thigh
• femoral nerve
• iliolumbar a.
• inserts in company with the psoas major m. via the iliopsoas tendon

what is the origin of the iliopsoas muscle?

insertion?

action?

innervation?

artery?

• iliac fossa; bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
• lesser trochanter of the femur
• flexes the thigh; flexes and laterally bends the lumbar vertebral column
• branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L2-L4; branches of the femoral nerve
• iliolumbar a.
• a combination of the iliacus and psoas major mm.

what is the origin of the gracilis muscle?

insertion?

action?

innervation?

artery?

• pubic symphysis and the inferior pubic ramus
• medial surface of the tibia (via pes anserinus)
• adducts the thigh, flexes and medially rotates the thigh, flexes the leg
• anterior division of the obturator nerve
• obturator a.
• the pes anserinus is the common insertion of the gracilis, sartorius, and semitendinosus mm.

what is the origin of the pectineus muscle?

insertion?

action?

innervation?

artery?

• superior ramus of the pubis
• pectineal line of the femur, just inferior to lesser trochanter
• adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the thigh
• femoral nerve and possibly the anterior division of the obturator nerve
• medial femoral circumflex a.
• femoral circumflex a. pectineus often has a dual innervation

what is the origin of the adductor longus muscle?

insertion?

action?

innervation?

artery?

• medial portion of the superior pubic ramus; body of pubis inferior to pubic crest
• middle third of linea aspera of the femur
• adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the femur; textbook says adducts thigh.
• anterior division of the obturator nerve
• obturator a., deep femoral a.
• the most anterior of the adductor group of muscles

what is the origin of the adductor brevis muscle?

insertion?

action?

innervation?

artery?

• body and inferior pubic ramus
• ramus pectineal line and linea aspera of femur(deep to the pectineus and adductor longus mm.)
• adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the femur; textbook says adducts and flexes thigh
• anterior division of the obturator nerve
• obturator a., deep femoral a.
• anterior and posterior divisions of the obturator nerve lie on the anterior and posterior surfaces of adductor brevis

what is the origin of the adductor magnus muscle?

insertion?

action?

innervation?

artery?

• adductor part: inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium; hamstring part: ischial tuberosity.
• adductor part: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line; hamstirng part: adductor tubercle fo femur
• adducts thigh; its adductor part also flexes thigh, and its hamstring part extends it.
• adductor part: obturator nerve; hamstring part: tibial part of sciatic nerve
• obturator a., deep femoral a., medial femoral circumflex a.
• the ischiocondylar part of adductor magnus is a hamstring muscle by embryonic origin and action, so it is innervated by the tibial nerve

what is the origin of the gracilis muscle?

insertion?

action?

innervation?

artery?

• pubic symphysis and the inferior pubic ramus
• superior part of medial surface of the tibia (via pes anserinus)
• adducts the thigh, flexes and medially rotates the thigh, flexes the leg
• anterior division of the obturator nerve
• obturator a.
• the pes anserinus is the common insertion of the gracilis, sartorius, and semitendinosus mm.

what is the origin of the obturator externus muscle?

insertion?

action?

innervation?

artery?

• the external surface of the obturator membrane and the superior and inferior pubic rami; margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane
• trochanterix fossa of femur
• laterally rotates thigh; steadies head of femur in acetabulum
• obturator nerve
• obturator a.
• the tendon of the obturator externus m. passes inferior to the neck of the femur to reach its insertion site

what is the source of obturator nerve?

branches?

motor?

sensory?

• lumbar plexus (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L2-L4)
• anterior and posterior brs.
• muscles of the medial thigh: adductor longus m., adductor brevis m. and adductor magnus m., gracilis m., obturator externus m.
• skin of the lower medial thigh
• obturator n. passes through the obturator canal

what is the source of obturator artery?

branches?

supply to?

• internal iliac a., anterior division
• pubic br., acetabular br., anterior br., posterior br.
• medial thigh and hip
• anterior and posterior brs. pass on the anterior and posterior sides of the adductor brevis m.; aberrant obturator a. arises from the inferior epigastric a. in 30% of cases