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FVA 2010 Vocabulary
N/A
81
Music
12th Grade
09/10/2009

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Term
a tempo
Definition
return to the original tempo after some deviation
Term
accidentals
Definition
symbol used to raise or lower a given pitch by 1 or 2 semi-tones, or to cancel
a previous sign or part of a key signature
Term
adagio
Definition
slow, leisurely tempo
Term
al fine
Definition
to the end, generally used after a repetition
Term
alla breve
Definition
a tempo marking indicating quick double time; i.e. 2/2 instead of 4/4 with the
half note rather than the quarter note as the beat
Term
allargando
Definition
slowing of tempo, usually with increasing volume; most
frequently occurs toward the end of a piece.
Term
allegretto
Definition
slightly slower than allegro, often implying lighter texture and character as well
Term
allegro
Definition
fast
Term
allegro con spirito
Definition
fast tempo with spirit
Term
amabile
Definition
sweet, loveable
Term
ancora meno mosso
Definition
once more, but a little slower
Term
andante
Definition
rather slow, at a moderate walking pace
Term
aria
Definition
a self-contained composition for solo voice, usually with instrumental
accompaniment and usually found within the context of an opera, oratorio or
cantata
Term
arpeggio
Definition
the notes of a chord played in succession to one another, rather than
simultaneously; a broken chord
Term
art song
Definition
a composed song in which the text, melody, and accompaniment,
are interrelated to create a unified effect.
Term
atonal
Definition
music that lacks a tonal center; absence of key
Term
augmented
Definition
raised or enlarged. Generally refers to the raising of a pitch by one half-step
Term
bel canto
Definition
a style of singing characterized by lyricism, legato, pure vowels, and freedom
of production which originated in Italy during the so called "Golden Age of
Singing" (1685-1825). berceuse - a lullaby
Term
cadenza
Definition
an improvised or written-out ornamental passage performed by a soloist usually near the final cadence
Term
cantabile
Definition
singable; singing
Term
catch breath
Definition
a short or partial breath to renew lung supply quickly
Term
chorale
Definition
congregational song or hymn of the German Protestant Church, originally for the entire congregation to sing
Term
chord
Definition
3 or more pitches sounded simultaneously or functioning as if sounded simultaneously
Term
chromatic
Definition
motion by half steps; also describes harmony or melody that employs some
of the sequential 12 pitches (semi-tones) in an octave
Term
common time
Definition
4/4 meter, denoted C
Term
D.C. or Da Capo
Definition
repeat from the beginning of the composition
Term
D.S. or dal segno
Definition
repeat from the sign
Term
diminished
Definition
lowered, or reduced; generally refers to the lowering of a pitch
chromatically by one half step
Term
divisi
Definition
performers singing the same part are divided to sing different parts.
Term
dolce
Definition
sweetly, usually also softly
Term
dynamics
Definition
the degrees of loudness in a musical work
Term
embellishment
Definition
ornamentation added to music to make it more beautiful or effective, or to demonstrate the abolities of the performer
Term
fermata
Definition
a pause or hold
Term
forward tone
Definition
focused tone; a tone with major frontal resonance of the mouth and vocal mask
Term
grave
Definition
grave, solemn
Term
grazioso
Definition
graceful
Term
gruppo ad lib
Definition
a group of notes played or sung at the will or pleasure of the performer
Term
half step
Definition
a semi tone. There are 12 half steps in an octave
Term
harmony
Definition
any collection of pitches as they sound simultaneously, or when pitches are in agreement
Term
head voice
Definition
the higher register of the singing voice
Term
interval
Definition
the relationship between two pitches, the distance between and upper and a lower pitch
Term
key
Definition
the pitch relationships that establish a tonal center
Term
key signature
Definition
sharps or flats at the beginning of each staff to indicate which pitches are to be raised or lowered from their natural place during the piece
Term
largo
Definition
very slow and broad
Term
leading tone
Definition
the seventh degree of a diatonic scale, when it is only a half step below the tonic, gives the feeling of wanting to move up a half step to the tonic
Term
leap
Definition
melodic motion from one pitch to another that is more than a whole tone away
Term
ledger lines
Definition
lines written above or below the staff representing a continuation of the staff, used to indicate pitches above or below the staff
Term
legato e pesante
Definition
smooth, connected and heavy
Term
leggiero (leggero)
Definition
light, soft
Term
lunga
Definition
a long pause that is determined by the performer (director)
Term
major scale
Definition
a diatonic scale where the half steps fall between the third and fourth, and the seventh and the octave
Term
marcato
Definition
marked, stressed
Term
misterioso
Definition
play or sing in a mysterious manner
Term
motif
Definition
or short musical idea or melodic theme, usually shorter than a musical phrase
Term
natural
Definition
a note that is not affected by either a sharp or a flat, a natural sign cancels a previous sharp or flat
Term
niente
Definition
nothing
Term
notation
Definition
any means of writing down music, usually indicating pitch, duration, timbre, and loudness
Term
octave
Definition
an interval eight diatonic scale degrees above it. Two notes an octave apart have the same letter name, and form the most consonant interval possible
Term
phrase
Definition
a single musical idea or element, which is often defined by a repeated rhythmic pattern or melodic contour
Term
portamento
Definition
special manner of singing where the voice glides from one tone to the next through all the intermediate pitches
Term
prestissimo
Definition
as fast as possible
Term
presto
Definition
very fast, faster than allegro
Term
primo
Definition
first or upper part
Term
rallentando (rall.)
Definition
slowing down; the same as ritardando
Term
rubato
Definition
making the established pulse flexible by accelerating and slowing down the tempo, an expressive device
Term
sempre
Definition
always
Term
senza
Definition
without
Term
sequence
Definition
the repetition of a phrase at different pitch levels using the same or similar intervals
Term
sforzando (sf or sfz)
Definition
strongly accented, forced
Term
simile (sim.)
Definition
continue to perform in a simmilar manner
Term
sotto voce
Definition
softly; with subdued sound; performed in an undertone
Term
stacatto
Definition
detatched; crisply played
Term
stringendo
Definition
pressing; becoming faster; hurrying
Term
strophic
Definition
describes a song where the stanzas are all sung to the same music
Term
subito
Definition
suddenly, quickly
Term
tacet
Definition
indicated that a particular voice or instrument is silent for an
extended passage or movement
Term
tenuto (ten.)
Definition
fully sustained, occasionally even a bit longer than the note value requires
Term
time signature
Definition
the sign placed at the beginning of a composition to indicate its meter
Term
tonic
Definition
the key center, the foundation of a scale or melody
Term
vivace
Definition
lively, briskly
Term
berceuse
Definition
lullaby
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