• Eukaryotic (higher) microorganisms 
• Non-photosynthetic 
• Lack Tissue differentiation
• Cell walls made of chitin or other polysaccharides
• Dimporhic- most have yeast-like and mold like form 

• Having yeast and mold like form
• Characteristic of Fungi 

• The secxual spore structure
• Mycelial septation
• asexual spore type 

• Ascomyetes
• Basidiomycetes
• zygomycetes
• Deuteromycetes 

Deutermycetes

• Only Class w/o known sexual spore stage
• "Fungi Imperfecti" 

• Sporangiospores: Rhizopus- sacs hold spores
• Conidiospores: Penicillium, Aspergillus- spores made on specific hyphae 

• Yeast exists as single cells 
• Reproduce by budding off a mature cell 

• Sterilize media/ containers used for bac. growth
• Keep containers covered
• Sterilize materials used for handling cultures
• Don't contaminate yourself
• Properly discard of all material

1. Heat Methods
   1. Incineration
   2. Autoclaving media
2. Irradiation methods
   1. UV light
3. Filtration Methods
   1. HEPA filters 
   2. Membrane Filters

1. Disinfection/Sanitizing: Application to surfaces
2. Gas Sterilization: Used for heat sensitive solid materials(plastics)
3. Antibiotics: Narrow or broad ranges of microbial targets