Term
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Definition
-Fungi thought descended from common flagellated protist
-Fungi and animals recognized as sister kingdoms
-Fungi and animals more closely related to each other than either is to plants |
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Term
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Definition
-Chytridiomycota
-Zygomycota
-Ascomycota
-Basidiomycota |
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Term
| Modes of Vegetative(Mitotic) Growth |
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Definition
-Unicellular 'yeast' form
-Pseudohyphal
-Hyphal form |
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Term
| Unicellular Vegetative (Mitotic) Growth |
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Definition
-"Yeast form"
-in yeast
-Budding or binary fission
-Daughter cell completely separates from mother cell |
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Term
| Pseudohyphal Vegetative (Mitotic) Growth |
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Definition
-"Filamentous growth"
-in yeast
-induced by poor nutritional conditions
-cells are elongated and stay connected to each other
-cytokinesis is complete |
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Term
| Hyphal Vegetative (Mitotic) Growth |
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Definition
-"Filamentous growth"
-In all other fungi
-Cells elongated and remain connected
-Cytokinesis is incomplete to varying extents
-Septate-some partition bet. cells
-Coenocytic-no partition
-Mycelium- a continuous network of many hyphae |
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Term
| Advantages of hyphal form |
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Definition
-Large SA to volume ratio for nutrient absorption
-Directed growth toward a stimulus
-Cells maintain constant communication b/c cytoplasm can pass freely between cells
-Allows fungi to "invade" host- are pathogenic, yeast are not |
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Term
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Definition
-Hyphal tip that penetrates and invades plant
-In parasitic fungi hyphae allows fungus to penetrate and kill host |
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Term
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Definition
-Can be produced asexually or sexually depending on the species
-Adapted for survival and dispersal
-Resistant to environmental stresses
-State of dormancy
-Germinate and grow in favorable conditions
-Aid in relocation to new habitats |
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Term
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Definition
-By germination and growth of haploid spores formed within sporangia
-By growth of conidia formed at the tips of hyphae
-Conidia can asexually reproduce haploid spores for dispersal
-By budding, binary fission or fragmentation of mycelium depending on phyla and species |
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Term
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Definition
-Haploids sometimes referred to as gametes or gametangia
-Haploid cells of different mating types (similar to different sexes) meet and fuse to form diploid
-Mating-type specific hormones initiate/control mating process
-Diploid undergoes meiosis to form haploid spores (gametes) for dispersal |
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Term
| Alternation of Generation |
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Definition
-1st fusion of haploid cells- plasmogamy
-Fusion of nuclei- karyogamy
-Intervening stage (before the nuclei have combined)- dikaryon or heterokaryon |
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Term
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Definition
-Common name: Chytrids
-Features: Aquatic, gametes are motile w/flagella
-Example: Allomyces
-Include serious pathogens of amphibians |
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Term
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Definition
-Features: No regularly occurring septa; usually no fleshy fruiting body
-Ex: Rhizopus + black bread mold
-Named for their sexually produced fruiting body the zygosporangia |
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Term
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Definition
-Features: Ascus; Perforated septa
-Ex: Nuerospora (Baker's yeast), morels, truffles
-Found in marine, freshwater and terrestrial habitats
-Mitotic growth is by budding or binary fission (yeast) or hyphal growth
-Produce asexual spores by mitosis at tips of conidia (hyphae)
-Produce sexual spores by meiosis in saclike ascospores, contained in fruiting bodies called ascocarps |
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Term
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Definition
-Features: Basidium; perforated septa
-Ex: Puccinia, mushrooms, shelf fungi
-Are defined by club or cap like structure containing many gills w/basidium
-Basidium is the fruiting body of the mushroom also the part eaten
-Underground parts are the filamentous hyphae- the mycelium |
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Term
| Important Symbiotic Relationships |
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Definition
-Mycorrhizae, associations of fungi with plant roots, enhance the ability of the roots to absorb water and nutrients.
-Lichens, mutualistic combinations of a fungus with a cyanobacterium or a green alga, are found in some very inhospitable environments.
-Some fungi share their digestive services with animals and help break down plant material in the guts of cows and other grazing mammals |
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Term
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Definition
-Mutualism bet. fungus and plant
-Fungus colonizes root of plant intracellularly and/or extracellularly
-Fungus gets sugars from plant
-Plant uses mycelium large SA for water + mineral absorption
-95% of plants have this-essential for survival
-increases efficiency of water + mineral absorption
-very important in nutrient poor soil and basic pH soil |
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Term
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Definition
-Fungus(ascomycete) + cyanobacteria or green algae
-Mutualism
-Photosynthetic parter supplies sugars
-Fungus supplies minerals
-Can live in extremes
-Dry environment
-Rocks (no soil)
-1st step in making soil in primary succession |
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