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| A powerful hydrolytic enzyme secreted by a fungus outside its body to digest food. |
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| A filament that collectively makes up the body of a fungus. |
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| The densely branched network of hyphae in a fungus. |
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| One of the cross–walls that divide a fungal hypha into cells. Septa generally have pores large enough to allow ribosomes, mitochondria, and even nuclei to flow from cell to cell. |
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| A structural polysaccharide of an amino sugar found in many fungi and in the exoskeletons of all arthropods. |
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| Referring to a multi–nucleated condition resulting from the repeated division of nuclei without cytoplasmic division. |
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| In certain symbiotic fungi, specialized hyphae that can penetrate the tissues of host organisms. |
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| A fungus that forms mycorrhizae with plant roots in between root cells in the ECM |
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| A fungus that creates mycorrhizae that force their way into the plants roots |
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| In animals and fungi, a small, volatile chemical that functions in communication and that in animals acts much like a hormone in influencing physiology and behavior. |
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| The fusion of the cytoplasm of cells from two individuals; occurs as one stage of syngamy. |
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| A fungal mycelium formed by the fusion of two hyphae that have genetically different nuclei. |
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| Referring to a fungal mycelium with two haploid nuclei per cell, one from each parent. |
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| The fusion of nuclei of two cells, as part of syngamy. |
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| Single–celled fungi that inhabit liquid or moist habitats and reproduce asexually by simple cell division or by the pinching of small buds off a parent cell. |
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| Traditional classification for a fungus with no known sexual stage. When a sexual stage for a so–called deuteromycete is discovered, the species is assigned to a phylum. Also called an imperfect fungus. |
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| Member of the clade Opisthokonta, organisms that descended from an ancestor with a posterior flagellum, including fungi, animals, and certain protists. |
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| Member of the fungal phylum Chytridiomycota, mostly aquatic fungi with flagellated zoospores that probably represent the most primitive fungal lineage. |
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| Flagellated spore occurring in chytrid fungi. |
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| Member of the fungal phylum Zygomycota, characterized by forming a sturdy structure called a zygosporangium during sexual reproduction. |
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| In zygomycete fungi, a sturdy multinucleate structure in which karyogamy and meiosis occur. |
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| Member of the fungal phylum Glomeromycota, characterized by forming a distinct branching form of endomycorrhizae (symbiotic relationships with plant roots) called arbuscular mycorrhizae. |
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| A distinct type of endomycorrhiza formed by glomeromycete fungi, in which the tips of the fungal hyphae that invade the plant roots branch into tiny treelike structures called arbuscules. |
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| Member of the phylum Ascomycota. Sac fungi range in size and complexity from unicellular yeasts to minute leafspot fungi to elaborate cup fungi and morels. About half of the sac fungi live with algae or cyanobacteria in the mutualistic associations called lichens. |
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| A saclike spore capsule located at the tip of a dikaryotic hypha of a sac fungus. |
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| The common name for members of the phylum Basidiomycota. The name comes from the club–like shape of the basidium. |
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| A reproductive appendage that produces sexual spores on the gills of mushrooms (club fungi). |
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| Elaborate fruiting body of a dikaryotic mycelium of a club fungus. |
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| The symbiotic collective formed by the mutualistic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic alga or cyanobacterium. |
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