Term
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Definition
Opportunistic - Pneumocystis Carinii
world wide
respiratory infection (pneumonitis c plasma cells)
AIDS, hosptialized, old, immunosuppressed
d(x): sputum ,lavage, biopsy, stain , flourescent antibody
t(x): trimethoprim
, pentamidine (aerosol) |
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Term
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Definition
Opportunistic - Candidia albicans
white patches
chronic mucocutaneous: in skin
disseminated: gut, renal, pulmonary
t(x): oral: nystatin, amphotericin B, gentian violet
t(x): enteritis: ketoconazole
t(x): vaginitis: nystati/amphotericin B
t(x): systemic: amphotericin B & 5-fluorocytosine |
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Term
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Definition
Opportunistic - Aspergillus
granulomatous lesions
secondary to other chronic disesases
mycotoxicoses: food
hypersentivity
secondary colonization
systemic mycoses: organs
hard to isolate; branching septate hyphae |
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Term
Zygomycosis
Mucormycosis
Phycomycosis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Superficial - piedraia hortai
small black nodule on hair
t(x): cut hair, fungicidal shampoo |
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Term
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Definition
Superficial - trichasporon begelii
soft beige nodule (distal end of hair shaft)
t(x): cut hair, fungicidal shampoo |
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Term
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Definition
Superficial - malassezia furfur
grow in superficial keratin
hypo/hyperpigmentation (back, neck, chest, shoulders)
can see hyphae and spores |
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Term
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Definition
Superficial - phaeoannellomyces werneckii
silver-nitrate like stain (palms) |
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Term
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Definition
Cutaneous - Dermatophytoses
branching septate hyphae; look like baseball bats |
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Term
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Definition
Cutaneous - Dermatophytoses
septate hyphae (see nuclei); leaf/canoe shape 8 spores
ringworm
extothrix: lie on outside of hair shaft; seen with UV light M. audouinii: in temperate climate ; contagious; spread by barber tool/head contact
M. canis: 2nd most common, spread by young animals |
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Term
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Definition
Cutaneous - Dermatophytoses
grow on thicker skin (ie: pads of feet, nailbed); dry & scaly, last 10+years; see spores, hyphae, septate; giveaway is location, external spores, and many colours |
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Term
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Definition
Cutaneous
- capitus - head, itchy, hair breaks off, contagious
- barba - face
- corporis - body, advancing circles, hair loss, poor nutrition/hygiene associated
- cruri - groin, epidermophyton floccosum/inguinale or trychophyton, after abrasion occurs
- pedia - feet, “athlete’s foot”, between toes, desquamation, inflammation, painful epidermophyton or trychophyton
- unguium - nails, thick brittle & discoloured, trichophyton rubrum (women 40-45), hard to treat |
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Term
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Definition
Cutaneous
deeper and more invasive than phytoses; inflammation
caused by opportunistic fungi
t(x): topical sulfur+salicylic acid, crystal violet, iodine, tolnaftate, undecylenic acid, miconazole, haloprogin, griseofulvin (1g/day 1-3 months) |
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Term
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Definition
Cutaneous
t(x): topical sulfur+salicylic acid, crystal violet, iodine, tolnaftate, undecylenic acid, miconazole, haloprogin, griseofulvin (1g/day 1-3 months) |
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Term
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Definition
Subcutaneous
verrucoid (wart) skin lesions (lower extremties)
muriform cells (2-direction cross walls)
does not affect muscles, bone, or tendon |
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Term
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Definition
Subcutaneous
hyphal or yeast form, long-chain hyphae
dermatiaecous fungi - melanin black fungi |
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Term
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Definition
Subcutaneous
granulomatous local lesions (on feet/legs); madura foot
visible pigmentation (yellow); hyphal OR yeast
destroys bone, muscle, and tendon
Fungal -> Pseudallescheria boydii
Bacterial -> Nocardia Brailiensis |
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Term
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Definition
Subcutaneous
Spotothrix Schenkii - common in wood/soil; yeast in tissues; grows on agar like an island
- ulcerative lesions at site on skin, spreads to lymph nodes, highly infectious
uncommon in North America; introduced by thorns & moss; found in Mississippi/Missouri
t(x): topical potassium iodine or amphotericin B |
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Term
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Definition
Systemic
primary pathogen c capsule
may mimic TB; often in lungs; aka Spelunkers disease
may coexist with other bacteria or fungi
yeast form (dimorphic)
causes Ohio/Mississippi Valley Fever; found in soil with bat/bird droppings
problem for vetrinarians |
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Term
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Definition
Systemic
primary pathogen
hyphal, capsules, spores but can see yeast; dimorphic; often in lungs; mimic TB; make sphirules
causes San Joaquin fever; lives in soil
lesion looks like non-dried cold sore
resp infection that may disseminate to meninges, bones, joins, subq and cut. tissues
t(x): bed rest, steroids, amphotericin B |
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Term
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Definition
Systemic
primary pathogen
yeast form; dimorphic
rare (less infective)
cause Manitoba/St.Lawrence River Valley Fever
causes chronic pneumonia; granulomatous lesion, inflammation in lungs
dissemination to skin, bone, prostate
t(x); Amphotericin B |
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Term
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Definition
Systemic
opportunistic pathogen
tolerated by birds but not infectious to them; associated with pigeon droppings
capsules crossing BBB set up for meningitis (starts in lung); not from ingestion
eventually fatal is chronic; t(x) with amphotericin B
yeast form; makes a smooth mocoid-looking texture because cells can’t get close |
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