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| Sources of trace minerals |
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Definition
| just like major minerals, animal or plant-based foods are the best sources of a trace mineral depending on the bioavailability |
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| Absorption of trace minerals |
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Definition
| absorbed primarily in the small intestine |
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| one of the earth's most plentiful metals but the body only has a small amount of iron; required for red blood cell production because of hemoglobin |
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Definition
| most common nutrient deficiency in the world; has a widespread of negative effects on things such as behavior, immune system function, etc. and can lead to anemia |
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Definition
| component of hemoglobin and myoglobin |
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| iron-containing protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen to tissues (and some carbon dioxide away from tissues) |
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| oxygen-storing molecule in muscles |
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Definition
| occurs when the oxygen transportation in the blood is impaired; causes the bod to work harder to circulate oxygen-poor blood throughout the blood which leads to an array of heart problems; anemia is most commonly caused by iron deficiency |
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1. [blood] oxygen binds to to iron on one of four binding site on the hemoglobin protein and moves through the circulatory system
2. [lungs] gas exchange takes place in air sacs at the tips on the bronchioles: oxygen diffuses through epithelium and into capillaries while CO2 diffuses from capillaries across epithelium into the air space |
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Definition
| depends on type of iron consumed, chelators, vitamin C consumed (helps absorb non-heme iron, meat (meat enhances non-heme iron absorption as well) |
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| animal iron; more readily absorbed than non-heme iron + not affected by dietary composition (what you eat with it/before it/etc.) |
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| compounds in plants that bind to non-heme iron and make it unavailable for the body |
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Definition
| iron is absorbed through epithelial cells which produce ferrtin to bind with and store iron, preventing them from entering the bloodstream; depending on the amount of ferritin produced is how much your body will store iron |
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Definition
| in nature, found in rocks, plants, soil |
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| how the body breaks down iodine; resposible for the synthesis of thyroid hormones |
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Definition
| maintain normal metabolism, growth, and development and regulate BMR |
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Definition
| minimum number of calories your body uses for vital physiological processes after fasting and resting for 12 hours |
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| enlarged thyroid caused by either too much iodine or not enough (deficiency and toxicity lead to the same) |
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Definition
| fetal development impairment, stunned growth, physical and mental abnormalities usually caused by a deficiency in iodine |
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| possibly enhances the ability of insulin to take glucose into your cells |
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Definition
| work as antioxidants and are components of enzymes; selenium specifically lowers probability of some cancers |
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| only one case of deficiency where bone demineralization was corrected by manganese supplementation; works with carbohydrate metabolism |
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| only one cause of only one case of deficiency where deficiency disease was corrected by molybdenum supplementation; involved in protein metabolism |
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| deposits calcium and phosphorus in teeth and bones; has dental benefits but not necessary; new research shows that cavities and CVD risk are correlated |
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