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Fundamentals of Genetics
Traits, chromosomes, genes, genetic crosses. (Terms)
17
Biology
10th Grade
01/16/2011

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Term
Heredity
Definition
The transmission of traits from parents to their offspring.
Term
Genetics
Definition
The scientific study of heredity
Term
Gregor Mendel
Definition
An Austrian monk who is considered the "father" of genetics.
Term
Purebred
Definition
Plants that always produce a particular trait in their offspring
Term
Self-pollination
Definition
Reproductive fertilization which occurs within a single plant
Term
Pollination
Definition
The transfer of pollen from anthers (male reproductive organ) to stigma (famale reproductive organ)
Term
Cross-pollination
Definition
Mechanically transferring pollen from one plant to the stigma of another.
Term
Parental Generation (P1)
Definition
Starting generation
Term
First Filial (F1)
Definition
Offspring of P1. Second Generation.
Term
Second Filial (F2)
Definition
Offspring of F1. Third Generation.
Term
Dominant
Definition
Expresses itself always when present.
Term
Recessive
Definition
Expresses itself only in the absence of dominant alleles.
Term
Principle of Dominance
Definition
One dominant trait will always mask the recessive trait
Term
Principle of Segregation
Definition
The two genes for a chrecteristic segregate or seperate during the formation of ovum and sperm.
Term
Principle of Independent Assortment
Definition
Genes for different characteristics seperate independently of one another.
Term
Genes
Definition
Segment of DNA on a chromosome that controls a particular heredity trait.
Term
Alleles
Definition
Alternate or contrasting traits for the ssame gene. Letters are used to denote alleles. Capital letters for Dominant alleles, lower case for recessive (Bb)
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