Term
| No response in mucosa to an Ag is considered ____. A response would be ____. |
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Definition
| No Response=Tolerance; Response=Immune Activation |
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Term
| Describe the growth, make up, and characteristics of the human gut flora. |
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Definition
| rapidly colonizes after birth, over 1014 organisms, 1-2 kg, over 400 species, immunologically distinct, symbiotic relationship with host |
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Term
| What organism dominates the oral flora? |
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Definition
| a-haemolytic streptococci |
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Term
| Describe the varying amounts of Strep mutans and Strep salivarius found in different areas of the oral cavity. |
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Definition
| Strep mutans more common on teeth; Strep salivarius more common on soft tissue |
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Term
| What are all of the controlling factors in the intestinal microflora? |
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Definition
| Saliva, Stomach acid, Epithelial barrier, Bile, Water & Electrolyte secretion, Peristalsis, Mucus, Antimicrobial products, IgA, and Bacterial flora |
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Term
| Is Intestinal Microflora required for life? What is it important for and what does it affect? |
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Definition
| No; important for "colonization resistance"; affects metabolic & immunologic host functions |
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Term
| What is the effect of taking antibiotics on commensal gut bacteria? |
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Definition
| they kill the normal bacteria leaving room for bacteria like Clostridium difficile to take hold - causes diarrhea |
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Term
| Name the organized mucosal lymphoid tissues. |
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Definition
| Tonsils, Adenoids, Peyer's Patches, Isolated lymphoid follicles, Appendix |
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Term
| What are large organized collections of lymphoid tissue present just below the epithelium of the small intestine? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term for the CD8 T cells found between the intestinal epithelial cells? |
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Definition
| Intraepithelial Lymphocytes |
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Term
| What are the scattered lymphocytes within the loose connective tissue under the epithelium of the intestine? |
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Definition
| Lamina Propria Lymphocytes |
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Term
| What is the characteristic of Peyer's Patches that indicates that the mucosal immune response is always on? How do they differ from other lymph nodes? |
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Definition
| constant presense of a germinal center (almost always); lack afferent lymphatics |
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Term
| In Peyer's patches, where do the efferent lymphatics drain? Where are the different types of cells found within the patch? |
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Definition
Efferent drains to mesenteric LN
Follicles: B lymphocytes, DC's, and MQ's
Parafollicular/Dome region: T cells
B cell in germinal center have switched to IgA |
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Term
| What type of cell is rare to find in Peyer's patches? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of M cell in the Peyer's Patches? |
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Definition
| Microfold cells; transport Ag from lumenal side to Peyer's Patches to be taken up by Ag-presenting Dendritic Cells, can also extend processes out to detect Ag |
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Term
| T/F Development of NALT lags behind MALT development. |
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Definition
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Term
| What area of the NALT is lymphoid tissues with specialized M-cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of cell is in rich conentration in the nasal mucosa? |
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Definition
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Term
| What types of cells are found within the intestinal villi? |
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Definition
| Dendritic cells, B & T lymphocytes, Macrophages, Mast cells, and Eosinophils |
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Term
| Where are the Intraepithelial Lymphocytes found? Describe the interactions that keep them there? |
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Definition
| in the epithelium; interactions b/w the CD103 integrin on IEL surface and E cadherin on epithelial cell surface |
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Term
| What is the predominant type of cell in IEL cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do epithelial cells interact with IEL's? |
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Definition
| CD103 integrin on IEL interacts with E cadherin on epithelial cell |
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Term
| In LP T cells what type of cell is predominate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common immunoglobulin in mucosa? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do lymphocytes interact with mucosal vascular addressin? |
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Definition
| integrin α4β7 on lymphocyte interacts with MadCAM-1 on vasculature in mucosal sites |
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Term
| What is described as selective non-responsiveness towards numerous ingested antigens and is a special feature of the intestinal immune system? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F secretory IgA is fully developed at birth. |
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Definition
| False; becomes fully developed by 5 to 6 mo |
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Term
| What is unique about secretory IgA (sIgA)? |
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Definition
| dimer of 2 IgA monomers, J chain for immunoglobulin polymerization & Secretory Component which stabilizes the molecule in the enzyme rich lumen of the intestines |
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Term
| What immunoglobulin is expressed on the basolateral side of epithelial cells, & what is its function? |
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Definition
| pIgR; transports dimeric IgA across the epthelium into the lumen |
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Term
| What is the immunoglobulin composition of the serum & secretions? |
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Definition
Serum: mostly monomer, IgA 1
Secretions: mostly monomer, half IgA 1 half IgA 2 |
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Term
| What are the functions of secretory IgA? |
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Definition
| bind Ag's in lumen to prevent uptake, neutralize viruses in epithelial cells, protect nursing newborns, counteract pro-inflammatory function of IgG & IgM |
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