Term
| Explain the concepts of medical & surgical aspesis |
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Definition
| Medical: includes all practices intended to confine a specific microorganism to a specific area, limits the number, growth, and transmission of microorganisms, objects referred to as clean or dirty (soiled, contaminated); Surgical: sterile technique, practices that keep an area or object free of all microorganisms, practices that destroy all microorganisms & spores, used fool all procedures involving sterile areas of the body |
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Term
| Identify signs of localized & systemic infections |
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Definition
| localized: swelling, redness, pain or tenderness w/palpation or movement, palpable heat in infected area, loss of function of the part affected (depending on site & extent); Systemic: fever, increased pulse/resp. rate, malaise & loss of energy, anorexia nausea/vomiting, enlargement & tenderness of lymph nodes that drain area of infection. |
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Term
| Identify risks for noscomial infections |
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Definition
| Diagnostic or therapeutic procedures (iatrogenic infections), compromised host, insufficient hand hygiene |
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Term
| identify factors influencing a microorganism's capability to produce an infectious process. |
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Definition
| Number of microorganisms present, virulence & potency of the microorganism (pathogenicity), ability to enter the body, susceptibility of the host, ability to live in the host's body |
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Term
| Identify anatomic and physiologic barriers that defend the body against microorganism. |
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Definition
| Intact skin & mucous membranes, moist mucous membranes & cilia of the nasal passages, alveolar macrophages; tears; high acidity of the stomach; resident flora of the large intestine, peristalsis; low pH of the vagina; urine flow through the urethra |
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Term
| Differentiate active from passive immunity. |
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Definition
| host produces antibodies in response to natural antigens or artificial antigens; natural active immunity (antibodies are formed, life long immunity), Artificial active (administered to stimulate, lasts for years); Passive: host receives natural or artificial antibodies produced from another source, Natural passive immunity (antibodies transferred naturally from an immune mother to baby through placenta, lasts 6 mo-1 yr) Artificial passive immunity (occurs when immune system from an animal or another human is injected, lasts 2-3 weeks) |
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Term
| Identify relevant nursing diagnoses & contributing factors for clients at risk for infection & who have an infection. |
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Definition
| altered skin/mucous membrane integrity, immunosuppression/chemotherapy, chronic diseases that decrease WBC's, corticosteroid therapy, cultural practices, unhealthy practices, age, heredity, acquired conditions, immune status, immunizations, stress |
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Term
| Identify interventions to reduce risks for infections. |
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Definition
| Proper hand hygiene techniques, environmental controls, sterile technique when warranted, identification and management of clients at risk |
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Term
| identify measures that break each link in the chain of infection. |
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Definition
| Etiologic agent (correctly cleaning, educating clients, reservoir-source (changing dressings, hand/oral hygiene, disposing of damp, soiled, feces, urine, ensuring that all fluid containers are covered or capped, emptying suction and drainage bottles at end of each shift), portal of exit, method of transmission, portal entry |
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Term
| Compare & contrast category-specific, disease-specific, universal, body substance, standard, and transmission-based isolation precaution systems. |
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Definition
| Category-specific: Isolation (strict, contact, respiratory, TB) precaution (enteric, drainage/secretions, blood/body fluid), disease (delineate practices for control of specific diseases), universal (use w/all clients) body substance isolation (employs generic infection control precautions for all clients) standard (used in all care of all hospitalized persons regardless of diagnosis or possible infection status) transmission (used in addition to standard precautions, for known or suspected infections are spread in 1 of 3 ways, airborne, droplet, contact) |
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Term
| Describe steps to take in the event of a bloodborne pathogen exposure. |
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Definition
report the incident immediately, complete injury report, seek appropriate evaluation and follow up;Identification and documentation of the source individual when feasible and legal
Testing of the source for hepatitis B, C and HIV when feasible and consent is given
Making results of the test available to the source individual’s health care provider
Testing of blood exposed nurse (with consent) for hepatitis B, C, and HIV – please check these to match style used in book – fairly certain it should be caped antibodies
Postexposure prophylaxis if medically indicated
Medical and psychologic counseling |
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