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a body of symbols (mostly words) and the systems for their use in messages that are common to the people of the same speech community. |
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The direct, explicit meaning a speech community formally gives a word. |
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the feelings or evaluation we associate with a word |
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cultures in which messages are direct, specific, and detailed |
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cultures in which are indirect, general, and ambiguous |
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feminine style of language |
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word use of empathy and support, emphasize concrete and personal language, and show assertiveness and control in speaking |
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masculine style of language |
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use of words of status and problem solving, emphasize abstract and general language, and show assertiveness and control in speaking |
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Lacking descripition, very general |
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Percise, specific language |
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words that clarify the meaning by narrowing what is understood from a general catergory to a particular item or group within that category |
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technical terms understood only by select groups |
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informal vocabular used by particular groups in society |
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using words that may only apply to one sex, race, or other group as if they represent everyone |
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the process of recieving, constructing meaning from, and responding to spoken and/or nonverbal messages |
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5 Steps of the Listening Process |
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- attending
- understanding
- remembering
- evaluation and critical thinking
- responding critically
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the perpetual process of selecting and focusing on specific stimuli from the countless stimuli reaching the sense |
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decoding a message accurately to reflect the meaning intended by the speaker |
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being able to retain information and recall it when necessary |
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Evaluate and Critical Analysis |
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the process of evaluating what you have heard to determine its truthfulness |
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comforting statements that have the goal to reassure, bolster, encourage, soothe, console, or cheer up |
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intellectually identifying with or vicarously experiencing the feelings or attitudes of another |
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Ways to improve listening behavior |
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- get ready for it mentally and physicall
- make the shift from speaker to listener complete
- hear a person out before responding
- observe nonverbal cues
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statements whose accuracy can be verified or proven |
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statements made by the speaker that are based on facts or observations. |
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