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Properties: known as an ALCOHOL; increase solubility and hydrophilicity

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Properties: double bond to oxygen; ketone or aldehyde, depending on structure; increases polarity and therefore solubility

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Properties: hydroxyl group and carbonyl group; proton donor, therefore acidic at Cellular pH; polar, therefore soluble in water; hydroxyl group and carbonyl group;

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Properties: base; nitrogen has lone pair; 

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Properties: AKA Thiol or mercaptan; slightly hydrophilic (not enough to make a large difference); analogous to hydroxyl group though less polar

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Properties: AKA organic phosphate; when separated completely it is known as an inorganic phosphate; at cellular pH is is acidic (donates all Hs);

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Properties: common; nonpolar;