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Functional Groups
Biology Functional Groups
13
Biology
Undergraduate 1
09/23/2012

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Term
Amino
Definition
(-NH2)
Term
Carbonyl (Aldehyde)
Definition
(-COH)
Term
Carbonyl (Ketone)
Definition
(-CO)
Term
Carboxyl
Definition
(-COOH)
Term
Hydroxyl
Definition
(-OH)
Term
Phosphate
Definition

        -2

(-OPO3)

Term
Sulfhydryl
Definition
(-SH)
Term
Properties of Aminos
Definition

1. Acts as a base.

2. Tends to attract a proton to form (-NH3+)

Term
Properties of Carbonyls
Definition

1. React with certain compounds to produce larger molecules with form:

OH

|

R--C--H

|

R

Term
Properties of Carboxyls
Definition

1. Acts as an acid.

2. Tends to lose a proton in solution to form (COO-)

Term
Properties of Hydroxyls
Definition

1. Highly polar which makes compunds more soluble through hydrogen bonding with water.

2. May also act as a weak acid and drop a proton.

Term
Properties of Phosphates
Definition
1. When several _______ groups are linked together, breaing O-P bonds releases large amounts of energy (ATP)
Term
Properties of Sulfhydryl
Definition
1. When present in proteins, can form disulfide (S-S) bonds that contribute to protein structure.
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