Term
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Definition
consciousness and central pattern generators:
M.O, Pons, Midbrain |
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Term
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Definition
Thalamus: gateway to cerebrum
Epithalamus:pineal gland
Hypothalamus: control center for ANS |
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Term
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Definition
-Folia
-Arbor vitae (white matter)
-Peduncles (x2)
Supperior: Midbrain- output
Middle: Pons- input from brain
Inferior: MO- propiroception |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Works with CSF to protect CNS
-Dura Mater
-Arachnoid Mater
-Pia Mater |
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Term
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Definition
-Falx Cerebri: separates hemispheres
-Tentorium: separates cerebellum from cerebrum
-Falx Cerebelli: separates hemispheres of the cerebellum |
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Term
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Definition
| Subarachnoid space holds spinal fluid |
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Term
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Definition
-thin tissue that contours the brain
-in SC: denticulate ligaments |
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Term
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Definition
1) Cervical enlargement
2) Lumbar enlargement
3) Medullary cone
4) Cauda equine |
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Term
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Definition
1) Stretch
2) Tendon
3) Flexor
4) Crossed Extension |
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Term
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Definition
1) Visceral
2) Proprioceptors
3) Somatic
4) Special receptors |
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Term
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Definition
-Astrocytes
-Microglia
-Ependymal cells
-Oligodendrocytes |
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Term
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Definition
-Satellite cells
-Schwann cells |
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Term
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Definition
-protection
-buoyancy
-chemical stability |
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Term
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Definition
Choroid plexus: 30%
Ependymal lining of ventricles: 30%
Ependymal lining outside brain: 40% |
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Term
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Definition
| Lateral ventricles→ Interventricular foramen→ Third ventricle→ Cerebral aqueducts→ Fourth ventricle→ Lateral and medial apertures→ Subarachnoidal space→ Arachnoida villus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
oculomotor:
movement of the eye |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Trigeminal
-ophthalmic
-maxillary
-mandibular
S: face
M: mastication |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
facial branches
-temporal, zygomatic, bucal, mandibular, cervical
S: taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue
M: control of facial expression and secretion of tears, saliva, mucus |
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Term
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Definition
vestibulocochlear:
balance and hearing |
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Term
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Definition
| glossopharyngeal S: sensations from posterior 1/3 of tongue + outer ear M: gagging, swallowing, salivary gland, regulation of blood pressure, respiration |
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Term
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Definition
vagus:
S: GI sensations
M: swallowing, speech, parasympathetic (control of cardiac, pulmonary, digestive, urinary function) |
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Term
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Definition
accessory nerve:
swallowing/neck shoulder movments |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1) Ipsilateral- same side as stimulus
2) Contralateral- opposite side of stimulus
3) Intersegmental |
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Term
| Individual nerve fiber is encapsulated by |
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Definition
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Term
| Fascicles are encapsulated by |
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Definition
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Term
| Nerves are encapsulated by |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Ascending:
pain from injured tissues |
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Term
| Gracile and Cunate fasciculi |
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Definition
Ascending:
-visceral pain
-vibrations
-deep discriminative touch |
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Term
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Definition
Descending:
-fine control of limbs |
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Term
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Definition
Descending:
-balance and posture
-awareness of pain |
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Term
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Definition
Descending:
reflective head turning to a stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
Descending:
balance and posture |
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Term
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Definition
C1-C5
-Roots
Ansa cervicalis- hyoid
Phrenic nerve- diaphragm |
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Term
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Definition
C5-T1
-Roots, trunks, divisions, cords
-Musculocutaneus- flexors of arm
-Axillary- deltoid, teres minor
-Radial- extensors
-Median- forearm flexors
-Ulnar- hand |
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Term
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Definition
L1-L4
-Roots, divisions
-Ilohypogastric- int. ext. trans. Obliques
-Ilioinguinal- int. obliques
-Femoral- quads, Sartorius, pectinius, iliopsoas
-Obturator- adductors of thigh |
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Term
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Definition
L4-S4
-Roots, divisions
Gluteal- sup. Gluteus min and med
- infer. Gluteus max
-Sciatic
-Tibial- hamstring muscles
-Fibular- biceps femoris
-Pudendal- muscles of perineum |
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Term
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Definition
| MO, pons, midbrain, caudal hypothalamus |
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Term
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Definition
-habituation
-sleep and consciousness
-pain modulation |
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Term
| Central pace generators: RF |
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Definition
-cardiac
-respiration
-vasomotor |
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Term
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Definition
-balance and posture
-cerebellum input |
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Term
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Definition
cardiac and vasomotor center
-Anterior: Corticospinal, pyramids
-Posterior- ridges, gracile and cuneate
-Lateral:bulge:olive – olivary nucleus, signals from SC and brain to cerebellum |
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Term
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Definition
sleep, respiration, bladder
Fascicles:
Transverse- joins 2 cerebellar hemispheres
Horizontal: ascending and descending |
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Term
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Definition
Tectum
Central gray matter:
-controls awareness of pain
Cerebral peduncle: anchors cerebrum
Crus- corticospinal tracts
Substantia nigra- inhibitory signals to thalamus and basal nuclei
Tegmentum- w/cerebellum for fine motor control |
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Term
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Definition
23 nuclei
1) Gateway to cerebral cortex
-somatosensory
-special senses
2) Motor
-feedback loops with basal nuclei and cerebellum
3) Part of limbic system |
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Term
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Definition
from optic chiasm to mammillary bodies
1) Major integrating system of ANS
2) Master regulator of endocrine system
-serotonin, oxytocin, ADH
-food and water intake
-circadian rhythms
-emotions and sexual drive
3) Intermediate of hypoccampus and cerebral cortex (formation of new memories) |
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Term
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Definition
Pineal gland:
melatonin secretion |
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Term
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Definition
High density of neurons
Granule cells
Perkinje cells
Deep nuclei
1) Control of motor coordination
2) Subconscious evaluation of sensory input (cognitive)
-spatial awareness
-passage of time
-tactile input
-emotion
3) Language |
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Term
| Cortex regions and associations |
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Definition
-Primary: regions receiving input directly from brainstem or other sense organs
-Association area:
-interpretation
-planning
-cognitive fx
-memory
Locations:
1) Visual: posterior occipital
2) Auditory: superior temporal and insula
3) Gustatory: inferior of postcentral gyrus and insula |
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Term
| Primary somatosensory cortex |
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Definition
| Postcentral gyrus Sensory homunculus -spinothalamic -gracile -cunueate |
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Term
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Definition
Precentral gyrus
Motor homunculus |
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Term
| Limbic system composition |
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Definition
-cingulate gyrus
-hyppocampus- new declarative memories
-amygdala- emotion
-hypothalamus/thalamus? |
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Term
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Definition
1) Gratification and aversion (hypo)
2) Personality (amy and hypo)
3) Emotion (amy and hypo)
4) Memory |
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Term
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Definition
Caudate
-Putamen
-Globus pallidus
1) Feedback to cortex and thalamus
2) Planning and execution of movements
3) Control of highly practiced behaviors |
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