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FULLER CH. 19
Energy Sources in Surgery
34
Medical
Undergraduate 1
10/04/2012

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Term
ABLATION
Definition
THE COMPLETE DESTRUCTION OF TISSUE.
Term
ACTIVE ELECTRODE
Definition
IN ELECTROSURGERY, THE POINT OF THE ELECTROSURGICAL INSTRUMENT THAT DELIVERS CURRENT TO TISSUE.
Term
ARGON
Definition
AN INSERT GAS USED IN ELECTROSURGERY TO DIRECT AND SHROUD THE ELECTRICAL CURRENT.
Term
BIPOLAR CIRCUIT
Definition
AN ELECTROSURGICAL CIRCUIT IN WHICH CURRENT TRAVELS FROM THE POWER UNIT, THROUGH AN INSTRUMENT CONTAINING TWO OPPOSITE POLES IN CONTACT WITH THE TISSUE AND THEN RETURNS DIRECTLY TO THE ENERGY SOURCE.
Term
CAPACITIVE COUPLING
Definition
A SPECIFIC BURN HAZARD OF MONOPOLAR ENDOSCOPIC SURGERY.  IT OCCURS WHEN CURRENT PASSES UNINTENTIONALLY THROUGH INSTRUMENTS INSULATION AND ADJACENT CONDUCTIVE MATERIAL, INTO TISSUE.
Term
CARBON DIOXIDE
Definition
AN INERT GAS USED AS A LASING MEDIUM DURING LASER SURGERY.
Term
CAUTERIZATION
Definition
THE USE OF A HOT OBJECT TO BURN TISSUE TO ACHIEVE COAGULATION.
Term
CONDUCTIVE
Definition
THE QUALITY OF A MATERIAL TO GIVE UP ELECTRONS EASILY AND THUS TRANSMIT ELECTRICAL CURRENT.
Term
CRYOABLATION
Definition
A METHOD OF TISSUE DESTRUCTION IN WHICH A PROBE IS INSERTED INTO A TUMOR OR TISSUE MASS.  HIGH-PRESSURE ARGON GAS IS INJECTED INTO THE PROBE, CAUSING THE SURROUNDING TISSUE TO FREEZE AND EVENTUALLY SLOUGH.
Term
CRYOSURGERY
Definition
THE USE OF EXTREMELY LOW TEMPERATURE TO DESTROY DISEASED TISSUE.
Term
CURRENT
Definition
THE FLOW OF ELECTRICITY.
Term
CUSA
Definition
CAVITRON ULTRASONIC SURGICAL ASPIRATOR; THE INSTRUMENT DESTROYS TUMORS THROUGH THE USE OF HIGH-FREQUENCY SOUND WAVES (ULTRASOUND)
Term
DESICATION
Definition
THE REMOVAL OF WATER FROM TISSUE, CAUSING IT TO DIE.
Term
DIRECT COUPLING
Definition
THE TRANSFER OF ELECTRICAL CURRENT FROM AN ACTIVE ELECTRODE TO ANOTHER CONDUCTIVE INSTRUMENT BY ACCIDENT OR A PART OF THE ELECTROSURGICAL PROCESS.
Term
ELECTROSURGERY
Definition
THE DIRECT USE OF ELECTRICITY TO CUT AND COAGULATE TISSUE.
Term
ELECTROSURGICAL UNIT (ESU)
Definition
THE POWER GENERATOR AND CONTROL SOURCE IN THE ELECTROSURGICAL SYSTEM.
Term
ELECROSURGICAL VESSEL SEALING
Definition
A TYPE OF BIPOLAR ELECTROSURGERY IN WHICH TISSUE IS WELDED TOGETHER USING LOW VOLTAGE, LOW TEMPERATURE, AND A HIGH-FREQUENCY CURRENT.
Term
ESCHAR
Definition
CHARRED AND BURNED TISSUE CREATED BY A HIGH-VOLTAGE CURRENT.
Term
FREQUENCY
Definition
IN ELECTRICITY, THE PERIODICITY OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES.
Term
FULGURATION
Definition
A PROCESS OF TISSUE SURFACE DESTRUCTION USED IN ELECTROSURGERY.
Term
GROUNDING PAD
Definition
AN ALTERNATE NAME FOR THE PATIENT RETURN ELECTRODE.
Term
HOLMIUM: YAG
Definition
A SOLID CRYSTAL LASING MEDIUM THAT PENETRATES A WIDE VARIETY OF SUBSTANCES, INCLUDING RENAL AND BILIARY STONES AND SOFT TISSUE.
Term
INACTIVE ELECTRODE
Definition
AN ALTERNATE TERM FOR THE PATIENT RETURN ELECTRODE.
Term
LASER
Definition
ACRONYM FOR LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION.
Term
MONOPOLAR CIRCUIT
Definition
IN ELECTROSURGERY, A CONTINUOUS PATH OF ELECTRICITY THAT FLOWS FROM THE ELECTROSURGICAL UNIT TO THE ACTIVE ELECTRODE, THROUGH THE PATIENT AND THE RETURN ELECTRODE, BACK TO THE ELECTROSURGICAL UNIT.
Term
NEODYMIUM: YAG
Definition
A SOLID LASING MEDIUM KNOWN FOR ITS ATTRACTION TO PROTEIN AND DEEP PENETRATION INTO TISSUE.
Term
NONCONDUCTIVE
Definition
THE QUALITY OF A SUBSTANCE THAT RESISTS THE TRANSFER OF ELECTRONS AND THEREFORE ELECTICAL CURRENT.
Term
PHACOEMULSIFICATION
Definition
THE DESTRICTION OF CATARACTS USING ULTRASOUND TECHNOLOGY.
Term
POTASSIUM-TITANYL-PHOSPHATE (KTP)
Definition
A LOW-POWERED LASING MEDIUM THAT PRODUCES A VERY SMALL DIAMETER BEAM WELL-SUITED TO MICROSURGERY.
Term
RADIOFREQUENCY
Definition
ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY IN WHICH THE FREQUENCY IS IN THE AREA OF RADIO TRANSMISSION.  IN ELECTROSURGERY, RADIOFREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES ARE USED TO PRODUCE THE DESIRED SURGICAL EFFECT.
Term
RESISTANCE
Definition
THE RESTRICTION OF ELECTRON FLOW IN A DIRECT CURRENT CIRCUIT.
Term
SMOKE PLUME
Definition
TOXIC SMOKE EMITTED BY TISSUE DURING ELECTROSURGERY AND LASER SURGERY.
Term
SPRAY COAGULATION
Definition
AN ALTERNATE TERM FOR FULGURATION.
Term
ULTRASONIC ENERGY
Definition
HIGH-FREQUENCY ENERGY CREATED BY VIBRATION OR EXCITATION OF MOLECULES.  THIS TYPE OF ENERGY DESTROYS TISSUE BY BREAKING MOLECULAR BONDS.
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