Similar to animals, their similarities are deep and thorough, meaning there no doubt that they're similar.

Eukaryotic and heterotrophic

Wierdly multicellular

Yeast is unicellular

Major role is to decompose dead things.

Parisitic-able to eat organism while its alive, its able to overcome immune system.

Symbiotic-mutualistic (ex.lichens and Mycorrhizal)

secrete digestive enzymes externally

the food gets absorbed through their cell walls into the body.

They go through their food/live in their food.

(note: wherever there is nutrition, fungi will be present)

filamentous indvidual hyphae (network of hyphae-mycelium), almost microscopic, and colorless.

nonseptate: coenocytic (haploid & multinucleate caused by mitosis with no cytokinesis)

Septate: have "seperated" cells, nuclei can travel from one to another through the holes.

During reproduction septum will have no hole.

Cell walls made of chitin.

Most are non motile

Blown around by wind, washed up by water or grow to where they need to go.

BUT chytrids (most primitive and acquatic) are flagellated, which means they had the ability to but lost it

Zygotic Meiosis (but chytrids have sporic meiosis)

All fungi do asexual reproduction

Chytrids zoospores

Phylum:

1. Chtridiomycota
2. Zygomycota
3. Glomeromycota
4. Ascomycota
5. Basidiomycota

Chytrids, Primitive, acquatic, Motil and non septate

have centrioles

most are decomposers

Parasitic: Synchritium Endobioticum-soil dweller, infects potatoes (black wart)

Batractochytrium dendromatidis: amphibian skin parasite, eats away their skin causing amphibian chytridiomycosis causing a scarring effect

Molds, Decomposers, non-septate

Rhizopus Stolonifer: sexual cycle 

Progametangia, Gametangia, Zygospore, Zygosporangium

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Parasitic: fly fungus

Very similar to zygomycota

Difference is that is has symbiotic species 

Genus: Glomus 

Species: Mycorrhizae

Symbiotic because the plant gives it sugar, while the fungus gives the plant nutrients like phosphorus. Most plant need Mycorrhizae.

In some cases they connect plants for 100s of feet.

Approximately 30,000 species sac fungi

Decomposers and parasites

most are unicellular yeasts

Cupfungi, Morels, Truffles

Septate, secondary mycelium creates fruiting body called ascocarp.

usually 1-2 mm in diameter.

the hymenial layer has ascus, which has 8 spores in them, the sac that holds them is called ascospore.

The spores shootout by water pressure.

Claviceps Purpurea

Ergot, Infects grain

causes pregnant cows to spontaneously abort

Used during childbirth to constrict bloodflow and keep low blood pressure so low blood loss during delivery. also for migraines.

Causes hallucination, extreme constriction of blood vessels, dry gangrene-limbs fall off

Tolypocladium Inflatum

cyclosporium

Ashbya Gossypii

Overproduces Riboflavin (vitamin B2) for UV protection

Sacchromyces Cerevisiae

Bakers Yeast, happens in an anaroebic environment, water+Sugar+Warmth goes in and alcohol and CO2 comes out

Club Fungi

Decomposers

Mushrooms, white button mushrooms: Agaricus Bisporus (we eat)

Puff balls-looks like closed mushrooms

Eaklnstar

Stinkhorns

Shelf Fungi

Parasites

Wheat-rust (puccinia Graminis:causes 10% loss of wheat, hits alot of other plants, and are a big problem)

Corn-smut

Amanita mushrooms: causes death, breaks apart cytoskeleton of liver, liquifies the liver/

Imperfect Fungi

Asexual

1. Genus: Penicillium
   1. P. Chrysogenum-the penicillin that grows on oranges
   2. P. Roquefortil-Bluecheese
   3. P. Camembertii-Camembert and Brie cheese
2. Genus: Aspergillus
   1. A. Terreus-Lovastanin: lowers cholesterol by increasing the pathway that gets rid of it. BEANO
   2. A. Niger-citric acid, manufactured in great amounts to put in food.
   3. A. Oryzae-Soy Sauce
3. Trichoderma
   1. type of cellulase, meaning it can break down cellulose