Term
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Definition
any illness from ingestion of food
-biological from bacteria, molds, viruses or parasites
-chemical from toxins or antibiotics
-physical from bone, metal, plastic or other foreign matter |
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Term
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Definition
is from bacteria ingested and colonized in GI tract.
Epithelial cells are damaged resulting in malabsorbtion
Examples:salmonella, campylobacter, escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes |
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Term
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Definition
is from bacteria which produce toxin during growth and subsequent ingestion of toxin.
Examples: staphylococcus aureus and clostridium botulinum, clostridium perfringens, E.coli |
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Term
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Definition
do not grow in food need a host grow and replicate
Examples: hepatitis A spread through raw/undercooked foods from worker |
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Term
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Definition
harbor in GI tract of animals
cysts or eggs shed in feces
contaminate surface of undercooked meats
ingested and germinate in human |
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Term
| Main cause of foodborne illness |
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Definition
is bacteria due to foods
-not cooked properly
-not stored properly
-contaminated and not treated enough before consumption |
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Term
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Definition
| is most common foodborne illness, but vastly underreported. |
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Term
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Definition
| grows at refrigeration temperation-cheese, hot dogs |
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Term
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Definition
| mycotoxin in grains and peanuts can promote liver cancer |
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Term
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Definition
shellfish
discomfort and jaundice
4 week incubation period
fecal oral route from foodhandler shedding it |
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Term
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Definition
| GI discomfort from raw or undercooked foods |
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Term
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Definition
diarrhea
raw or mishandled foods |
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Term
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Definition
cysts ingested and germinate into trophozoites
water and meat are main sources
diarrhea lasts 3 months or more |
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Term
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Definition
| are transmitted by infected beef or pork or game |
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Term
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Definition
| definitive host where the worms multiply |
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Term
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Definition
| intermediate host where embyo's or eggs reside till ingestion by the definitive host |
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Term
| Dangerous Temperature Zone |
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Definition
| 40 degrees F- 140 degrees F |
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Term
| Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points system (HACCP) |
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Definition
| Prevents production of unsafe product |
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Term
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Definition
-conduct hazard analysis
-determine critical control points
-establish critical limits
-establish monitoring procedures
-establish corrective actions
-establish verification procedures
-establish record-keeping and documentation procedures |
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Term
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Definition
any chemcial substance that can be detrmental to biological systems
-Endogenous |
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Term
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Definition
| produced by plants to protect themselves i.e. solanine in potatoes. |
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Term
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) |
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Definition
does Risk Assessment
determines toxicity and probablility of exposure |
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Term
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Definition
| determine amount needed to harm a bilogical system |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| long term exposure to low levels |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
studies
use cells
quick and inexpensive compared to other tests |
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Term
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Definition
-change speed of body functions
-causes malfunction
-may be generalized or specific effects
-may affect respiratory, GI, kidney , brain, nerves, blood, skin, eyes or reproductive systems |
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Term
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Definition
| above that dose adverse response is observed |
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Term
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Definition
| amount that adversely affects 50% of test animals |
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Term
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Definition
kills 50% of test animals
Many variables need control in toxicity tests |
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Term
| Natural Toxicants in foods include: |
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Definition
flavonoids
goitrogens
coumarins
cyanide |
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Term
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Definition
| fruts and vegetables, many are antioxidants and anticancer, but may cause mutations in large amounts |
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Term
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Definition
| cruciferous vegetables may cause goiter enlargement then atrophy of thyroid |
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Term
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Definition
| citrus peels may irritate skin |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibits respiration and occurs in lima beans and apricot pits |
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Term
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Definition
natural does not equal safe
-many contain toxic alkaloids
-some are psychoavtive |
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Term
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Definition
ciquatera
neurotoxic shellfish poisoning
amnesic shellfish poisoning
scromboid poisoning |
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Term
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Definition
| GI distress, hot/cold inversion, reoccurrances many years later, toxin is heat stable |
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Term
| neurotoxic shellfish poisoning |
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Definition
| red tide can also cause respiratory irritation without ingestion |
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Term
| amnesic shellfish poisoning |
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Definition
toxin is domic acid similar to brain chemical glutamic acid
-brain cells die from over stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by ingestion of a histamine produced by fish bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| in animal husbandry prevent and treat infections in igh density populations |
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Term
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Definition
| cure or treat specific conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| prevent or minimize disease |
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Term
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Definition
| aid growth or feed efficiency conversion |
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Term
Hormone
Diethylstilbestrol (DES) |
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Definition
| causes salt and nitrogen retention, but was banned as a carcinogen |
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Term
Hormone
Bovine somatotropin (BST) |
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Definition
| injections increase milk production, but do not produce growth in humans |
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Term
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Definition
| prevent, control or eliminate insects and pests |
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Term
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Definition
| prevent, control, or eliminate weeds. |
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Term
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Definition
prevent or minimize damage to crops
impove yilds
decrease costs
improve quality
create some consumer concerns
are regulated to minimize health risks by science-based decisions |
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