Term
| What does a forensic investigation with biological evidence require? |
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Definition
| Crime Scene Examination and Laboratory Analysis |
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Term
| What is involved in a crime scene examination? |
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Definition
| Scene security, documentation, and collection and preservation of evidence. |
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Term
| Wht is involved in laboratory analysis? |
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Definition
| Scientific techniques for evidence examination, identification of biological fluids, an the comparison of individual characteristics. |
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Term
| How is the crime scene protected and secured during an investigation? |
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Definition
-Only authorized personell allowed
-Log sheet
-Obtain medical attention for living
-Use protective personal devices |
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Term
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Definition
| The first officer at the scene |
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Term
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Definition
Protective Personal Devices
-disposable items
-masks, goggles, gloves, etc.
-any precaution taken to prevent transmissions of blood-born pathogens |
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Term
| What does documentation entail? |
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Definition
-rough & finished sketches
-scaled photographs & photo log sheet
-video |
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Term
| What's in a photography log? |
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Definition
| Time, photo log, type of photo, depicting, distince, and any remarks. |
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Term
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Definition
| List of custody information at every point in time when evidence is handled or transferred. Must be signed by each handler. |
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Term
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Definition
| Evidence is inadmissable in court because of possible tampering or contamination. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Transfer Evidence / Types of linkage evidence |
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Definition
-Victim-to-Perpetrator
-Victim-to-Scene
-Perpetrator-to-Scene
-Case-to-Case |
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Term
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Definition
| Characteristics that link multiple crimes |
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Term
| Locard-Exchange Principle |
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Definition
-Cross-transference of evidence occurs when a perpetrator has any physical contact with something or someone else
-"Every contact leaves a trace" |
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Term
| What are some ways to search for evidence? |
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Definition
-ALS
-Search patterns
-Points of scene entry & exit |
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Term
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Definition
-Spiral
-Grid
-Strip
-Quadrant / Zone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| General order for collection |
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Definition
1. Document scene
2. Perform nondestructive analysis first
3. Then, perform other analyis of evidence - including collection |
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Term
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Definition
Fast Technology for Analysis of nucleic acids
1980s by Burgoyne & Fowler at Finders University in Australia |
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Term
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Definition
| Protects nucleic acids from degradation. It denatures proteins and lyses cells, and preserves DNA. |
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Term
| What is FTA paper made of? |
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Definition
Weak base, chelating agent, anionic surfacant or detergent, and uric acid or uric salt on a cellulose mix
Stored at room temperature |
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Term
| Goals for packaging and transportation |
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Definition
| Protect and preserve evidence |
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Term
| Concerns for packaging and transporation |
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Definition
| Avoid heat and humidity, package items separately, allow wet items to air dry (do NOT freeze blood samples / liquids), use paper packing materials, and label and seal properly. |
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Term
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Definition
| Class characteistics determine similar materials |
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Term
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Definition
| Allow a sample to be placed into a category with other similar materials (ex: "it is blood") |
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Term
| Comparison of Individual Characteristics |
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Definition
| Evidence possesses unique characteristics that share a common origin with a preference sample (ex: DNA profile) |
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Term
| Goals of Crime Scene Reconstruction |
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Definition
-to reveal events prior to, during, and after the crime
-The Association for Crime Scene Reconstruction agrees, and states it uses "deductive and inductive reasoning, physical evidence, scientific methods, and their interrelationships." |
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Term
| Final steps of an investigation |
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Definition
| Reporting results and expert testimony |
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Term
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Definition
| Includes methods of analysis, results, conclusions, statistical strength |
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Term
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Definition
| Professional opinion regarding evidence that was analyzed. Requires knowledge, skill, experience, training, education, and the ability to translate "science" into lay terms. |
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