Term
| When do you want to use a flash? |
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Definition
| When there is not enough light: early morning, late afternoon, night, indoors; when the right quality of light is needed to eliminate tints |
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Term
| What is the guide number? |
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Definition
| It is the designation for the flash unit's relative output power. |
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Term
| What is the standard flash's GN number? |
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Definition
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Term
| When using a flash what should your shutter speed be? |
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Definition
| Whatever the sync speed of the camera is |
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Term
| What is the equation for the f/stop? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the GN for the built in flash? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why don't we use the built in flash? |
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Definition
| The GN number is really small, which requires a wide aperture and has a super limited DOF, creates hotspots, and red eye |
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Term
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Definition
| The speed of which the shutter is open while the flash fires |
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Term
| What happens if you use a shutter speed faster than the sync speed? |
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Definition
| The shutter will be in the picture |
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Term
| What happens if you use a shutter speed slower than the sync speed? |
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Definition
| Usually nothing, but if very slow it may cause blurred images and or ghost images |
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Term
| What are the flash stop increments and what are these 1 stop increments called? |
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Definition
| 1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, Vari-Powers |
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Term
| How do you decrease the amount of light when using a flash? |
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Definition
| use vari-stops, move away from subject |
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Term
| How do you increase the amount of light with a flash? |
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Definition
| Move closer, open the aperture |
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Term
| What is a normal room for flash? |
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Definition
| “Normal” 10’ by 12’, light color walls, with 8’ or 9’ ceilings |
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Term
| What are non-normal rooms? |
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Definition
| smaller than normal, larger than normal, outside, dark colored walls, and reflective surfaces |
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Term
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Definition
| It is the mount on the camera for the flash |
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Term
Rule of Thumb: When you are 5’ or closer to your subject, remove the flash from the hot-shoe, so it can accurately be aimed at your target. Why? |
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Definition
| To removed hot spots, red eye, and the flash is above the subject that close |
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Term
| What allows the flash to be off camera and still work? |
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Definition
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Term
| When using a PC / Remote cord, how far should it be from the subject and why? |
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Definition
| at least 2 feet to avoid over exposure |
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Term
| What is red eye in photography? |
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Definition
| It is the reflection of the blood vessels in the back of the eye. |
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Term
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Definition
| Keep the flash off the direct axis |
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Term
| How must the flash be oriented? |
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Definition
| In the same manner as the subject (vertical vs horizontal). Think FTF |
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Term
| True or False: Flash and Camera must be oriented correctly in the horizontal of vertical manner of the subject. |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: Flash heads must be set to the focal length of the lens (wide/norm/telephoto) |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the flash diffuser do? |
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Definition
| Diminishes light and Diminishes Glare |
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Term
| What are the ways to achieve a -1 stop with a flash without changing any camera settings? |
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Definition
| Place one finger in the cent of the flash or put one handkerchief over the lens |
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Term
| Explain the inverse squared law. |
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Definition
| As distance doubles, light is quartered; 2D=I/4 |
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Term
| What is the result of the inverse squared law? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does automatic flash work? |
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Definition
Relies on reflected light (18%) being sensed by the flash sensor eye and the sensor will cut off light duration to prevent overexposure
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Term
| What are the advantages of automatic flash? |
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Definition
| Save battery, less recovery time in between flashes, uses flash ranges |
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Term
| In regards to flash, what does TTL stand for and mean? |
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Definition
| Through The Lens (TTL) means the flash is being controlled by the camera body's sensor |
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Term
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Definition
| In a scene with strong ambient light and shadows |
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Term
| When performing the fill flash technique, where do you meter and then aim the flash? |
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Definition
| Meter in the bright area, but aim the flash where it is most needed. Make sure to set the flash -1 stop |
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Term
| Where is the flash aimed with bounce flash? |
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Definition
| Midway or closer, but not past the midway point of the light will hit behind the object |
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Term
| When is oblique lighting used and why? |
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Definition
| It is used when photographing 3D impression evidence. This creates shadows which show depth to the impression in a photograph |
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Term
| Why use a remote or timer with a camera? |
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Definition
| Because the manual depressing of the shutter release can cause camera shake |
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Term
| What photographs do you take prior to close up photographs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the sequence for photographing close up photographs? |
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Definition
| Establish with location midrange, take one photo as is with no scale, multiple directions and angles with scale, |
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Term
| True or False: A scale must be on the same plane as the item being photographed? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much of a tire tread must you photograph to get the whole circumference? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you break up the segments tire tread to photograph them for comparison? |
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Definition
Split into 1 ½’ segments, overlapping 1”
A = 0” to 19”
B = 18” to 37”
C = 36” to 55”
D = 54” to 73”
E = 72” to 91”
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Term
| Why use snow wax in photographing impressions in snow? |
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Definition
| Creates contrast, allows the cast to set (dental stone gives off heat and will melt the stone) |
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Term
| What must be included in the photo identifier card? |
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Definition
| Case Number, Date, Location, Photographer Name, and roll/memory card number |
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Term
| What information should be included on a labeled scale? |
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Definition
| Case Number, Item Number, Date, Photographer's initials |
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Term
| True or False: Anytime one of the variables on the photo identifier card changes, a new photo identifier card needs to be photographed. |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: When scales are used they should be positioned on the same plane as the evidence. |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain the "body panorama" sequence of photographs. |
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Definition
| Make sure to establish the body with a mid range photograph and then take photos of all four sides and then a frontal picture of the face. Document wounds and when that is done turn over the body and repeat. |
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Term
| What are two reasons why every photograph should be documented on a photo log? |
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Definition
| The photo memo sheet can be used to refresh memory at court and it allows the user to document errors in order to prevent future errors. |
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Term
| Why would you cover up "sensitive" areas of a living body when documenting wounds? |
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Definition
| It preserves the modesty of the person being photographed as well as those viewing the photos. |
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Term
| What are the 3 reasons a labelled scale is included in close-up photographs? |
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Definition
| The scale shows the size of the object/evidence being photographed. The scale allows the examiner to blow up the photo for comparison. The labeling information helps document the image. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of taking midrange photographs? |
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Definition
| They establish a special relationship between two objects, usually an item of evidence and a fixed object to show where somethin is in the scene. |
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Term
| Fully explain what areas do you photograph during exterior overall photographs? |
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Definition
| Walk the viewer from the outer perimeter in. Take pictures of the cross street, emphasizing the street of the crime, take photos from the sign to the scene. At the scene take outside 360 photos of the building and take a photo of the address sign. Photograph the immediate area and entrances and exits. |
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Term
| Why is a photo identifier card used? |
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Definition
| It allows every photograph to be associated back to the photographer and specific crime scene |
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Term
| When is the best time to log photos on a photo log? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| When is a labeled scale used? |
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Definition
| Close-up photographs with scale |
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Term
| Overall and midrange photographs are taken from what perspective? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: When taking diagonal photographs of the outside 360 you have to take 360 photographs at each corner. |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain interior overall photographs. |
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Definition
| Start from the entrance, use a normal lens, photograph corner to corner, floor to ceiling, walk the viewer through the scene using proper orientation. |
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Term
| What are some issues with taking FPP interior overalls? |
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Definition
| Hotspots, Non-normal scenes (lots of white walls), reflections, shadows |
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Term
| What f-stop is optimal for close up photographs and why? |
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Definition
| F/11 because of diffraction |
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Term
| Explain the sequence to photograph evidence for close ups. |
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Definition
| Establish the evidence with a midrange photograph. Take an in situ photo with FTF and FPP, ISO 100. Then take another photograph of the item with scale |
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Term
| What is an easy way to show that the close-up is an altered close-up? |
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Definition
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Term
| When taking a midrange of an injury where do you relate it to? |
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Definition
| To a major joint. Make sure to have proper orientation and form an isosceles triangle |
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Term
| At the autopsy why is a photo of the sealed bag taken? |
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Definition
| To document chain of custody |
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Term
| Define Electromagnetic Spectrum |
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Definition
| The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation |
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Term
| What wavelengths are the visible spectrum? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What wavelengths are Infrared? |
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Definition
| 700-1100nm for photography |
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Term
| What wavelengths are ultraviolet? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It is the conversion of light from one state to another, usually light of a longer wavelength and lower intensity |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| How is a wavelength determined? |
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Definition
| It is the distance between beak to peak |
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Term
| Provide an example of a short wavelength |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Provide an example of long wavelengths. |
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Definition
| Microwave and radio waves |
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Term
| Which is a longer wavelength, UV or IR? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four ways light can react to different surfaces? |
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Definition
| Reflection, Absorption, Transmission, and Fluorescence. Fluorescence is the conversion of light from one state to another. |
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Term
| What color will the total reflection of all light be? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What color will the total absorption of all light be? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Explain how colors are seen in regards to reflection. |
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Definition
| White is the total reflection, black is the total absorption, and then the colors you see are the colors reflected back. |
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Term
| What is transmitted light? |
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Definition
| Most of the light goes through the surface, but some is absorbed. Think of tinting on a car or a handkerchief on a flash |
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Term
| Why do we need to wear a filter to see fluorescence? |
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Definition
| The emitted light is weaker than the original source. Therefore you need to eliminate the overwhelming original source to see the fluorescence |
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Term
| What color filter is used with a VU light? |
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Definition
| UV filter or a Yellow Filter |
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|
Term
| What color filter is used with a blue light? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What color filter is used with a green light? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nanometers are shortwave UV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a piece of equipment that uses shortwave UV? |
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Definition
| RUVIS (Reflected UV Imaging System) |
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Term
| What wavelength is longwave UV? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Shortwave UV (280-315nm / UVB) should not be used on evidence requiring DNA examinations. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of UV light is considered germicidal? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of UV light is considered tanning UV light? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of UV light is sun burning light? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the four applications of IR photography? |
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Definition
| Visualizing Ink differentiations, Visualizing GSR, Visualizing the writing on burned documents, Visualizing blood stains |
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Term
| True or False: Bones fluoresce |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What or the effects of IR light on different substrates? |
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Definition
| Absorption: Darkens, Reflection: Lightens, Transmission: Disappears, Fluoresces: Longer wavelength with a weaker intensity |
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Term
| Explain the Stokes Shift. |
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Definition
| This is fluorescence. Some surfaces will absorb light that strikes them and convert that light to a longer wavelength with less intensity. |
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