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May 1789
Council of representatives made up of all classes. Louis XVI forced to summon them during the economic crisis. |
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June 1789
Founded by the Third Estate after claiming they represented the people of France. |
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July 14 1789
Rumors of royal troops entering Paris results in over 800 Parisians to storm the Bastille for weapons. Symbol of French Revolution and holiday thereafter. |
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July 20 1789
Oath taken by the Assembly when prevented from entering their meeting hall. |
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July 1789-August 1789
Peasants panic and unleash their fury upon nobles upon hearing Louis's troops attacking towns and taking crops throughout France. |
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| Declaration of the Rights of Man |
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August 1789
First step towards a written constitution by National Assembly.
LIBERTY PROPERTY SECURITY |
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| Civil Constitution of the Clergy |
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July 1790
Law issued by the Assembly to gain control over the French Catholic Church. Also says bishops and priests would be elected by people and given a set salary. |
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September 1791
New assembly given the power to make laws, collect taxes, and to decide on issues of war. Three groups formed within; radicals, moderates, and conservatives. |
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September 1791
Sets up limited monarchy and a Legislative Assembly that would create laws. Abolished old provincial laws and reformed laws. Ended Church interference in government. |
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September 1791
Called to draft new constitutions; served as a ruling body of France and to abolish monarchy to establish a republic. Consisted of lawyers and professionals. Came after the Legislative Assembly. |
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1791-1794
What Robespierre thought could be achieved through "prompt, severe, inflexible justice". Led to the Terror. |
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July 1793-July 1794
Killed 40,000 suspected counterrevolutionaries most were innocent. Ended when the Convention turned on the Committee. |
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| Committee of Public Safety |
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| Created by the Convention to deal with threats to France. Twelve members had seemingly absolute power. Lead by Robespierre. |
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August 1795-1799
Executive body of the new two house legislature; third government since 1789. Consisted of five people who were corrupt and made themselves rich. |
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July 1801
Napoleon made peace with the Church. The agreement asked the Church to forget all their owned lands during the revolution and gave Catholics freedom. |
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March 1804
A reform sponsored by Napoleon that included equality of citizens in law, religious toleration and advancement based on merits. |
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1805
In an attempt to weaken Britain's empire Napoleon tries, but fails to shut down all British trade to Europe. Later Czar Alexander I secedes from the system and Napoleon invades Russia. |
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June 1812-1814
Fearing he would lose allies to Britain, Napoleon invades Russia. After several losses, the Russians retreat and burned all the lands. French defeated by the harsh cold and famine. |
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Winter 1814-1815
After Napoleon's defeat, the five "great powers" King Frederick, Williams of Prussia, Czar Alexander, and the foreign ministers of France and Britain, and Metternich helped make other countries stronger in fear of France's democracy and another Napoleon. |
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June 1815
Weakened by Russia, Napoleon's now smaller army met with the Prussian and British alliance in a final battle. He loses 20,000 men and is later exiled to St. Helena. |
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1815
To maintain balance in Europe, the Congress of Vienna came to discuss common interests and maintain peace in meetings called the Concert of Europe. People within the Congress of Vienna had Conservative views, believing it was key to social stability. At the time, Conservatism was monarchy. |
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| Leader of Russia during Napoleonic Wars. Succeeded throne after his father was killed. Seceded from continental system, causing Napoleon to invade Russia |
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| Crowned himself emperor of the French after having military success throughout Europe. Known for military success and boosting morale among soldiers. |
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| Maximilien Robespierre - Jacobin leader - gained power by becoming the leader of the Committee of Public Safety - then ruled as a dictator for next year, called the Reign of Terror - beheaded when National Convention feared death and turned on him. |
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| Monarch of France during the Revolution. Lived Versailles with an abundance of privileges while his people starved and France was under a financial crisis due to deficit spending.Unfit to be king, the people set up a National Assembly, wrote their own constitution and removed him from the throne. He was beheaded later on for treason. |
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| Most influential man in the Congress of Vienna. Wanted balance of power between each country so no one would fall into the aggression of France. He disagreed with the idea of democracy and believed in a monarchy to keep citizens in control. |
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| Married to Louis XVI to end the long rivalry between France and Austria. Hated by the people of France for gambling and deficit spendings. |
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| Group of radical politicians who supported a new republic. |
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| Radical partisans of the lower class who supported a popular democracy, social, and economic equality. |
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| Put on the throne of France by the Congress of Vienna as an attempt to restore the hereditary monarchies that were unseated. |
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| Inherited the throne when Louis XVIII dies. Suspended the legislature, limited the right to vote, and restricted the press. As a result of a rebellion, he abdicates and leaves France. |
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| The "citizen king" who was well liked by the upper bourgeoisie because they prospered. |
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| French Revolution of 1830 |
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| Parisians respond violently to Charles X's form of ruling. This results in his abdication and the beginning of Louis Philippe's rule. |
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| French Revolution of 1848 |
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| At the expense of the workers, Louis Philippe greatly favored the middle class. The government began to be denounced for corruption and recession only makes it worst. The king abdicates after the violent "February Days" resulting in deaths of demonstrators and royal troops. Issued a constitution for a strong president and one house legislature. Also gave right to vote to all men (9 million compared to 200k). |
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| New government divided by middle class liberals who wanted moderate political reforms and socialists who wanted social and economic change that would help hungry workers. |
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| National workshops close for upper and middle class interests. Furious workers rallied on the streets of Paris but are turned upon wildly by the bourgeoisie. 1,500 died before the rebellion is crushed. |
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| Louis Napoleon/Napoleon III |
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| Nephew of Napoleon I. Attracted working classes by presenting himself as a sympathetic person. Used position in office as a steppingstone to proclaim himself emperor. Won using a plebiscite and brought prosperity and contentment. |
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| Causes of the French Revolution |
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-Louis XVI shuts down the voice of the Third Estate
- Food shortages
- Economic issues
-Flour prices double
- Heavy taxes
- Storming of the Bastille |
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| Wanted to return to system of government of before the revolution - benefited from the social hierarchy - thought that national rights and constitutional government would lead to chaos. Conservative leaders (Metternich) wanted monarchs to oppose freedom of press, and destroy protests and rebellion in and outside of their borders. |
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| mostly consisted of bourgeoisie (middle class). wanted constitutional government and separation of powers. defended natural rights of people - liberty, equality and property. against divine right. wanted free market (capitalism) and universal manhood suffrage. |
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| wanted own states instead of the various foreign rule they had at the time. United people of common heritage, but encouraged intolerance and persecution of others |
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| Conservative - wanted the old regime back with a powerful monarch ruling the classes. |
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| Metternich tries to shut down a revolt by students but is turned on by Austrian workers. He resigns and flees in disguise. |
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1804-1813
first of the Balkan’s to revolt against the Ottoman empire.failed, but created identity and nationalistic spirit. 1815 tried again with help of Russia and won, created an autonomous nation |
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| 1821: Greece attempted revolt - struggled until asked for help from Western Europeans in late 1820s - Britain, France and Russia forced Ottomans to give Greece independence - compiled in 1830 - Greece forced to accept German king to show they didn't support revolution. |
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| Wealthy Latin American sent to Europe for education, admired American and French Revolutions, leader of revolutions in Southern America, sought freedom from Spain. |
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| The Carlsbad Decrees were a series of resolutions adopted by the German Confederation in 1819 to suppress liberal ideas and oppositions in the German States. |
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