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Top 3 Producing countries of Peach |
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Top 3 Producing states of peach |
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Definition
California, South Carolina, Georgia |
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general characteristics of peach |
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Definition
-Blooms early low heat req. -many cultivars, varying chill req. -flower buds very cold hardy |
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site factors that contribute to PTSL (Peach Tree Short Life) |
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-low soil pH -Low nutrient levels -hardpans -high ring nematode population -poor weed control |
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where was the peach first cultivated from |
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Where did grapes originate? |
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-Northeastern Turkey -Iran -Georgia -Armenia |
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How does a muscadinia grape ripen? |
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ripens by individual berries |
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How do Euvitis grapes ripen |
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(bunch grapes) ripen by cluster |
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training system for grapes |
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-Pruned -Previous season growth -bears the fruit |
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Root insect responsible for decimating European grape industry. |
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Grapes major diseases and pests |
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-Phylloxera -Pierce's disease -Leafroll Virus -Botrytis rot -Powdery, Downy Mildew |
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What is Pierce's disease caused by? |
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Top world producers of strawberries |
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-United States -Spain -South Korea |
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Top 3 states that produce strawberries |
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Where do strawberries originate? |
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Strawberry Festival Treasure |
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cultivars of strawberries |
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training system for strawberries |
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major diseases of strawberries |
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-Botrytis -Angular leaf spot -Anthracnose |
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major pest of strawberries |
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Definition
-spider mites -thrips -sting nematodes |
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Training system for peaches |
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-Sudden spring collapse of trees that seemed healthy -Bark may have water soaked appearance -browning of cambium extending to but not below the soil line -surving root system produces suckers |
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-Carbohydrate partitioning theory -Hormone Theory |
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Elevated auxin levels can cause peach trees to enter dormancy too late in the fall or emerge from dormancy too early in the spring. |
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Factors that lead to elevated auxin lvls |
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Definition
-Stress wounds -pruning in fall -nematode feeding |
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Carbohydrate partitioning theory |
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Definition
-depleted carbohydrate levels in trees from nematode feeding render trees more susceptible to abiotic stresses such as cold temps. |
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-Peach scab -Bacterial spot -Brown rot flower blight -Leafbug, stinkbug -white peach scale -san jose scale -peach tree borer |
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-Flordaprince -tropicbeauty -UFSun -UF2000 -Sunraycer -Flordaking -Flordadawn -UFGold -Gulfprince -Flordacrest |
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-Gulfbeauty -Gulfruby -Gulfblaze -Gulfrose |
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Where did walnuts originate? |
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Top 3 producers of walnuts |
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Top states to produce walnuts |
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World producers of Pistchios? |
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Pistachio production in US? |
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Planning and designs of pistachio |
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-Offset square -Rectangle square -Hexagonal |
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Pistachio cultivar used in Cali b/c it has a high yield |
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Physiological problems in Pistachio |
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Definition
-Blank nuts -Non Split Nuts |
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Pistachio-Blank nuts caused by...? |
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Definition
-related to boron deficiency -embryo fails to grow leaving shell empty or blank |
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Pistachio- Non Split Nut caused by...? |
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Definition
-related to crop load and irrigation |
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Definition
Rapid dessication and death of one or more scaffolds or entire tree. |
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Definition
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Advantages of dwarfing rootstocks |
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-Early return on investment -higher precocity w/ dwarfed rootstocks -More efficient use of orchard -lower per tree yield, higher per acre yield -less labor required -efficient use of pesticide |
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Benificial effects of rootstocks |
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Definition
-Insect/disease tolerance -Drought tolerance -Size control -Fruiting at earlier age/ higher precocity -Incr. fruit yield, quality, -Incr. cold hardiness |
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-T-bud -Inverted T-bud -Chip bud -Whip Grafting -Bark Graft -Cleft Graft |
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-Auxin -GA's -Cytokinins -ethylene |
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-Fruit thinning -Preharvest drop control -Incr. fruit set -Root sprout control |
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-Incr. fruit size -Affect fruit size -Incr. fruit set -Delay fruit maturity -Induse seedlessness -Reduce fruit cracking |
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-Benzyladenine (BA) -Promalin |
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-Incr. lateral branching -Affect fruit shape -Incr. fruit set -Incr. seed germination |
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-Affects(+/-)flowering -early ripening -uniform ripening -fruit coloration -bloom delay -defoliation |
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Regulated by physiological factors inside the structure -Chilling exposure |
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Regulated by physiological factors outside the affected structure -Apical dominance -photoperiodic response |
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Regulated by environmental factors |
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stages of a double sygmoidal curve |
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Definition
-stage 1 -Cell division -stage 2 -Pit hardening -stage 3 -Cell enlargement |
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what does a double sygmoidal curve represent? |
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Definition
-Stone Fruit -Peaches, nectarine, plum |
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crop produced with fertilization so they end up seedless |
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Definition
The intentional removal of plant tissue to achieve specific Hort. goal |
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Definition
Manipulation of plant to achieve desired effects. |
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What type of training systems do we use? |
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Definition
-Central leader -Open center -Perpendicular V |
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Benefits of adjusting fruit load |
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Definition
-Incr. fruit size, quality, & earliness -reduced limb breakage -reduced alternate bearing -reduced plant stress & disease devel. |
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Definition
-N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S -Nitrogen -Phosphorous -Potassium -Calcium -Magnesium -Sulfur |
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-Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, B, Cl, -Iron -Manganese -Copper -Zinc -Boron -Chlorine |
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What is the difference b/w mobile and immobile nutrients? |
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-mobile -Old leaves show symptoms first -immobile -new(young) leaves show symptoms first |
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Nitrogen deficiency symptoms |
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Definition
-Macro -mobile -yellowing of leaves -Low vigor, small leaves -reduced fruit yield -small fruit |
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Phosphorous deficiency symptoms |
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Definition
-Macro -mobile -dark green-reddish purple leaves - |
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Potassium deficiency symptoms |
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Definition
-Macro -mobile -yellowing of older leaves -leaves looked scorched |
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Magnesium deficiency symptoms |
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-macro -mobile -interveinal chlorosis -yellowing of older leaves between veins -veins stay green |
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Calcium deficiency symptoms |
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Definition
-Macro -immobile -reduced growth or death of growing tips -deformed young leaves -related to plant water status |
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Sulfur deficiency symptoms |
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Definition
-macro -immobile -yellowing of leaves -Low vigor, small leaves -reduced fruit yield -small fruit |
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Boron deficiency symptoms |
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Definition
-micro -immobile -poor fruit set -cracking and misshapen fruit |
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-micro -immobile -interveinal chlorosis -reduced leaf size |
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Definition
-micro -immobile -interveinal chlorosis -little leaf - |
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Manganese deficiency symptoms |
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Definition
-micro -immobile -Inter. Chlorosis |
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Definition
-adv. -very efficient/precise -freq. applications possible -disadv. -system must be calibrated |
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Definition
the application of fertilizers, soil amendments, or other water-soluble products through an irrigation system. |
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Overhead sprinkler adv./disadv. |
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Definition
-adv. -Good root coverage -Uniform -Used for freeze protection -disadv. -Not efficient -Wets foliage -expensive |
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Micro-irrigation adv./disadv. |
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Definition
-adv. -efficient use of water -inexpensive -adapted to fertigation -disadv. -limited root zone coverage -clogging/maintenance issues |
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The goal of irrigation scheduling |
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Definition
-To know when to irrigate, -how much water to apply to -satisfy plant water req. -conserve water -& doesn't leach mobile nutrients |
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Definition
-measure inputs & outputs -need to know soil water holding capacity -need to know root zone |
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Definition
-requires experience -can use soil probe |
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Factors that affect Irrigation req. |
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Definition
-Crop species -Canopy size & shape -Leaf size & orientation -light absorption, reflection, evapo. rates -Plant density -Rooting depth |
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Definition
relates the Theoretical Evapotranspiration(ETo) to the weather(humidity, etc.) in order to retrieve the Crop Evapotranspiration (ETc) |
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-Wind displacement -Irrigation -Ice formation yields heat of fusion |
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Passive Freeze protection |
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Definition
-Site selection -elevation -lake effects -soil type -Orchard floor management |
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deciding whether or not to use overhead irrigation |
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Definition
-Know the stage of crop development & how cold affects that stage -rely on on-site weather data not the weather station - |
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Definition
-Malus domestica Borkh -Pome fruit -edible tissue is hypanthium -originated in eastern Turkey/ SW Russia |
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Top 3 world producers of Apples |
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Definition
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Top 3 US producers of Apples |
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Definition
1 Washington 2 New York 3 Michigan |
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factors affecting fruit size |
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Definition
Cultural- -Thinning, Pruning, Training, Soil Management Genetic- -Rootstock, Cultivar Environmental- -Light, Temp., Moisture |
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Major factors affecting fruit size |
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Definition
-Light -Thinning -Pruning -Rootstock -Cultivar |
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Training system for apples |
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Prunus persica (L.) Batsch |
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Prunus persica (L.) Batsch |
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Prunus persica var. nectarina |
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Prunus persica var. nectarina |
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Prunus salicina, P. domestica |
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Definition
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Prunus salicina, P. domestica |
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Vaccinium angustifolium, V. myrtiloides |
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Vaccinium angustifolium, V. myrtiloides |
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Blueberry Southern Highbush |
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Definition
Vaccinium corymbosum x, V. darrowix, V. virgatum |
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Vaccinium corymbosum x, V. darrowix, V. virgatum |
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Definition
Blueberry Southern Highbush |
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Definition
Fragaria x ananassa Duch. |
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Fragaria x ananassa Duch. |
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Rubus idaeus, R. occidentallis |
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Rubus idaeus, R. occidentallis |
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Definition
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Pyrus pyrifolia, P. serotina |
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Pyrus pyrifolia, P. serotina |
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Definition
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Definition
Diospyros kaki, D. virginiana |
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Diospyros kaki, D. virginiana |
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Definition
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the 4 types of Blueberries |
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Definition
Highbush Rabbiteye Lowbush Southern Highbush |
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top 3 world producers of Peach |
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Definition
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top 3 US producers of peach |
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Definition
1 California 2 South Carol. 3 Georgia |
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top 3 world producers of pear |
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Definition
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top 3 US producers of pear |
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Definition
1 Washington 2 California 3 Oregon |
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