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Definition
Who: Rudyard Kipling
What: the supposed responsibility of the white race to provide care for their non-white subjects.
When: 1899
Where: America
Why: Exhortation to empire with sober warnings of the costs involved. |
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Who: German-Prussian national-liberal statesman, Prime Minister of Prussia
What: Realpolitik, designed the German Empire in 1871.
When: 1862-1890
Where: Germany
Why: Oversaw the unification of Germany. |
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Term
| Doctrine of the Third Rome |
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Definition
Who: Constantine the Great
What: the idea that some European city, state, or country is the successor to the legacy of the Roman Empire (the "first Rome") and it successor state, the Byzantine Empire (the "second Rome").
When:
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Who: Tsar Nicholas II
What: The Longest Railway in the world
When: 1891
Where: Japan and Russia
Why: Created for the Tsar to get across the nation faster for international relationship growing. |
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Term
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Definition
Who: Europe
What: a process of invasion, attack, occupation, and annexation of African territory by European powers
When: 1881-1914
Where: Africa
Why: Marked the age of New Imperialism between 1881 and WWI. |
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Term
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Definition
Who: Portugal called it, organized by Otto von Bismarck
What: regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period, and coincided with Germany's sudden emergence as an imperial power
When: 1884
Where: Africa
Why: As Germany grew as an imperial power, the rest of Europe saw the need to slow them down. |
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Definition
Who: Everyone
What: African Slaves, Cash Crops, Manufactured Goods
When: 16th to 19th Centuries
Where: West Africa, America, Europe
Why: Defined international trade and caused the world to become much smaller. |
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Term
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Definition
Who: Catholic Church
What: Whether Chinese folk religion rites and offerings to the emperor constituted idolatry or not.
When: 1630s to early 18th century
Where: China
Why: This had an effect on the missionary activity in China for the Catholics. Since it was eventually ruled that it DID constitute idolatry, relations between Europe and Asia were strained. |
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Who: Hong Xiuquan
What: civil war in southern China over the replacement of confucianism, buddhism, and traditional Chinese beliefs with a form of Christianity.
When: 1850 to 1864
Where: Nanjing, Southern China
Why: This was one of the deadliest battles in global history, involving about 20 million casualties. This displayed the growth of Christianity across the world. |
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Definition
Who: China and Great Britain
What: The climax of disputes over trade and diplomatic relations between China under the Qing Dynasty and the British Empire.
When: 1839 to 1860
Where: China
Why: China found it difficult to regulate the trade of Opium, among other goods. This was a mark of tension between Asia and Europe. |
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Term
| Self-Strengthening Movement |
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Definition
Who: China
What: the adaptation of Western military technology and armaments in China after defeats in the Opium Wars.
When: 1861 to 1895
Where: China
Why: |
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Term
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Definition
Who: China
What: Binding of the feet of women to achieve a desired smallness.
When: 10th century to the 20th century
Where: China
Why: This marked a tradition of the Chinese people. |
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Term
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Definition
Who: Japan
What: a chain of events that restored imperial rule
When: 1868
Where: Japan
Why: The changes led to enormous political and social structure changes. |
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Definition
Who: East India Trading Company
What: Uprising against the company power in India
When: 1857
Where: India
Why: This showed the spread of economic ideas across the globe. |
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Term
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Definition
Who: first used to describe the Ottoman Empire
What: a nickname that has been used to describe a European country experiencing a time of economic difficulty and/or impoverishment.
When: ongoing
Where: every mid to large sized country in Europe
Why: This just shows that there is always someone on the decline, or the mend, depending on how you look at it. |
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Definition
Who: Spain and the United States
What: A war to stop the colonization in the caribbean by the Spaniards.
When: 1898
Where: Madrid
Why: Outcome was the Treaty of Paris and signaled the end of the Spanish Empire in the |
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Term
| Archduke Francis Ferdinand |
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Definition
Who: Royal Prince of Hungary and Bohemia
What: After being assassinated, WWI started.
When: 1914
Where: Sarajevo
Why: His death was the spark that ignited the powder keg of WWI. |
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Definition
Who: German General Staff
What: strategic plan for victory in a possible future war where it might find itself fighting on two fronts
When: Early 20th century
Where: Germany
Why: This was a plan on how to react in a war when caught between France and Russia, which is exactly what happened in WWI. |
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Who: Russia and Central Powers
What: Peach treaty
When: 1918
Where: Belarus
Why: Created peace between Russia and the Central Powers |
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Definition
Who:
What: between 50 and 100 million people died
When: 1918
Where:
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Term
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Definition
Who: Russian revolutionary, author, lawyer, economic theorist, political philosopher, creator of the Soviet Communist Party, leader of the 1917 October Revolution, and founder of the USSR.
What:
When:1870 to 1924
Where: Russia
Why: Led the Red Army to war, establishing the world's first socialist state. |
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Definition
Who: Woodrow Wilson
What: Fourteen points assuring the nation that the great war was being fought for a moral cause
When: 1918
Where: America
Why: This was used as terms of surrender for the Germans. |
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Term
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Definition
Who: Germany, United States
What: A clause stating the reparations for Germany to make after they lost in the Treaty of Versailles.
When: 1919
Where: Versailles
Why: This clause was to exemplify the loss of Germany after the war. |
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Term
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Definition
Who:
What: Precursor to the United Nations, it was an international coalition to promote global peace.
When: 1919 to 1946
Where: Geneva
Why: After WWI, the world wanted to do something to avoid another great war, so international peace organizations began forming, with this being the earliest. |
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Term
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Definition
Who: Belgium, France, Germany
What: After Germany did not pay the demanded reparations, France and Belgium occupied the Ruhr.
When: 1923 to 1925
Where: Ruhr Germany
Why: Though this was an attempt to encourage the Germans to pay, there were some thoughts of lowering the reparations, and Germany saw this as an exploitable weakness. This was ultimately pointless. |
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Term
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Definition
Who: Led the national fascist party.
What: Led Italy into war on the Axis side.
When: 1883 to 1945
Where: Italy
Why: This man was important because of his interesting beliefs and his ability to get others to follow him. We wouldn't have fascism the way it is today without him. |
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Term
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Definition
Who: China and Japan
What: whether to transfer to Japan the special privileges held by imperial Germany in the northeastern Chinese province of Shantung
When: 1919
Where: China and Japan
Why: This was important because it caused a huge Chinese nationalist outcry, slowly pushing China closer to communism. |
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Term
| First and Second United Fronts |
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Definition
Who: China (Communist and Nationalist Parties)
What: Attempted to end the rule of local warlords in China
When: 1922
Where: China
Why: This was to help unify China. |
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Term
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Definition
Who: China Communist Party
What: A series of marches in the communist party's retreat to the north from the Chinese Nationalist Party.
When: 1945
Where: China
Why: This proved that, though their methods seemed cowardly, the Communist Party still had power. |
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Term
| Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution |
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Definition
Who: China
What: Meant to be an economic and social campaign by the Chinese Communist party to improve chinese through agriculturalization, industrialization, and collectivization.
When: 1958 to 1961
Where: China
Why: This was a major catastrophe, ending with one of the most deadly mass killings on the planet. |
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Term
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Definition
Who: Leader of the Communist Party of China.
What: He was generally credited with developing China into one of the fastest growing economies in the world for over 30 years and raising the standard of living of hundreds of millions of Chinese.
When: 1904 to 1997
Where: China
Why: See what. |
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Term
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Definition
Who: Japan and China
What: a staged event that was engineered by Japanese military personnel as a pretext for invading the northern part of China
When: 1931
Where: Northern China
Why: Though prior tensions between China and Japan had already existed, this just brought that fact home. |
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Definition
Who: America and Japan
What: Japan bombed pearl Harbor
When: 1941
Where: Hawaii
Why: This caused the United States to enter WWII. |
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Definition
Who:
What: an agreement permitting the Nazi German annexation of Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland.
When: 1938
Where: Munich, Germany
Why: |
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Who:
What:It combines elements of autobiography with an exposition of Hitler's political ideology.
When: 1925
Where:
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Who:
What: Made a German Victory in the East impossible.
When: 1942 to 1943
Where: Russia
Why: |
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Who:
What: the United States Navy decisively defeated an Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) attack against Midway Atoll
When: 1942
Where: Hawaii
Why: Decisive turning point in the war against Japan for the Americans. |
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Term
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Definition
Who:
What: The purpose of the conference was to inform administrative leaders of Departments responsible for various policies relating to Jews, that Reinhard Heydrich had been appointed as the chief executor of the "Final solution to the Jewish question"
When: 1942
Where: Berlin
Why: |
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Term
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Definition
Who: NATO vs Warsaw Pact
What: symbolized the ideological fighting and physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1989.
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Who:
What: a United States policy using military, economic, and diplomatic strategies to stall the spread of communism, enhance America’s security and influence abroad, and prevent a "domino effect".
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Who: Turkey’s first president
What: Transformed Turkey into country that must embrace western ideology (education, script, clothing, political, social, economic), Treaty of Lusanna led to Britain & France helping with westernization
Where: Turkey
When: 1920 (Treaty of Sevres)
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Who: Aggressive, educated, western leader from Ghana
What: Taken back to Britain and educated, put back in colony to serve British
Where: Ghana
When: Decolonization (1945)
Why: Decolonization led to new aggressive, educated, western leaders |
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Who: Indian political leader w/ law degree from Britain, believed in passive resistance
What: Led Indian independence movement
Where: India
When: Decolonization (1945)
Why: Decolonization led to new aggressive, educated, western leaders |
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Who: Righteous Fists of Harmony
What: opposing foreign imperialism and Christianity.
When: 1898 to 1901
Where: Northern China
Why: Marked a drastic change in the traditions of China, much like the Taiping Rebellion. |
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