Were the Hapsburg-Valois wars political or religious? Why?

What was France's priorities?

1) Political; both Catholic

2) weaken HRE to keep Germany from being united

What familiy takes hold of the throne after Henry II dies?

Who tries to keep France Catholic?

Which families are competing?

1) Valois

2) 2 sons of Catherine de Medici

3) Guise, Bourbon, Valois

What religion were the Valois?

What religion were the Bourbons?

What religion were the Guise?

1) Catholic

2) Calvinist

3) Catholic

In a civil war between the Catholics and Huguenots, who led each?

Which families were involved?

1) Catholics-- Henry Duke of Guise (Guise familiy)

2) Huguenots-- Henry of Bourbon King of Navarre (Bourbons)

3) Guise and Bourbons

What causes Catherine de Medicis to order the massacre of Huguenots?

What's this called?

What does this initiate?

1)Because the night before the wedding Coligny of Bourbon is killed by an order from Henry Duke of Guise.

2) St. Batholomew's Day Massacre

3) War of the Three Henrys (all 3 families)

Who is the first Bourbon king of France?

What does he end, and what does he establish in terms of his type of rule?

1) Henry IV (of Navarre)

2) Ends the French civil wars

3) Absolutism

What act does Henry IV do to gain the loyalty of Paris?

What's his famous quote with this event?

Converts to Catholicism (secretly Calvinist)

"Paris is worth a mass."

Grants religious toleration to Huguenots (still no public worship)

Religious protection toward them also than any ofther minority in Europe.

1) Centralized (king was one law), arrested Nobles who disobeyed

2) Anti- Hapsburg

1)Bohemian

2)Danish

3)Swedish

4)French

What happened in the Defenestration of Prague?

What was the "funny" thing that happened here?

1)Protestantism eliminated in Bohemia because HRE won the battle against Protestants

2)Protestants threw 3 HRE officials out a window into manure because of the restrictions placed on them.

Who was Gustavus Adolphus?

How is he significant to the 30 Years' War?

1)King of Sweden

2) Pushed Catholic armies to Bohemia with the support of Cardinal Ricelieu

1)German would be more unified if he didn't ally (If Hapsburg won)

2) France's security over his religion -- Politique

Why was Germany further divided after 30 Years' War?

What did the 30 Years' War result in the beginning of?

1) Decline of HRE

2) France as dominant power in Europe + Britain/Netherlands rising.

When did Jean Bodin write about how Absolutism should be the form of government?

Why did he believe this?

1) French Civil Wars

2) Because it can provice order and force people to obey

According to Thomas Hobbes, what would happen without a strong ruler?

What did he think about people?

1) Chaos and anarchy

2) Naturally selfish/violent

How did Henry IV weaken the old nobility of the sword?

Why did he do this?

1) had others purchase their titles for Nobles

2) so that they would be loyal to him and not rebel

Who was Henry IV's finance minister?

What form of government did he favor?

1) Duke of Sully

2) Mercantilism

What class were intendants in?

What were they responsible for?

Overall, how did this affect the nobility?

1) Middle

2) Justice, Police, and finance (1 for each of 32 districts)

3) Weakened it/ made govt more centralized

Who established the Intendant system and Peace of Alais?

What was the result of Peace of Alais?

1) Cardinal Ricelieu

2) Huguenots lost cities/armies, Calvinist power reduced

Who advised Louis XIV in believing in Divine Right?

What was Louis XIV's saying?

What was his rule? (1 king...)

1) Bishop Bossuet

2) I am the state

3) 1 king, 1 law, 1 faith

What was the dominant language in Europe during the rule of Louis XIV?

Which country had the largest population?

1) French

2) France

What was the Fronde?

What happened at 1 point?

What was the result of this? (Louis' feelings)

1) Rebellious wars against the monarchy by nobles

2) Louis and Mazarin were kicked out (anarchy came)

3) Louis brought back and had feelings of resentment toward the nobility for the future

What was the Corvée?

What would happen to peasants w/o a job?

What would happen to peasants who didn't agree?

1) Forced labor for a month for peasants

2) Put in army or workhouses

3) Executed or used as galley slaves on ships

What was the French Catholic Church called?

Who controlled it?

1) Gallican Church

2) Louis XIV

What was the Edict of Fountainbleu?

What did it do?

1) Revoked Edit of Nante

2) Huguenots lose rights to practice Calvinism

Who was Jean Baptiste Colbert?

What was he famous for?

1) Louis' finance minister

2) Mercantilism reaching its height/leading industry & MERCHANT MARINE

1) Poor conditions for peasants

2) Poor navy

3) 2/3 of reign wars that nullified Colbert's progress

Who else besides the League of Augsburg joins in the fight against France?

What is the end result of the war?

1) England (William of Orange)

2) No one wins/loses land

What happens in the Treaty of Utrecht?

What does Britain gain?
What does Austria gain?

1) France loses to England mainly ending Louis' XIV expansion

2) Britain gets parts of Spain: slave trade/right to trade with them, Minovea and Gibraltar

3) Spanish Netherlands (Beligium)

As a result of Louis XIV's Wars:

1) What happened to the power system?

2) What happened to the French economy?

3) What happened to the 3rd estate?

1) Became balanced

2) Destroyed

3) Heavily taxed

As a result of Louis XIV's wars:

1) What happened to France's government?

2) What did these financial/social tensions cause?

1) Bankrupt

2) French Revolution later in the century