Term
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Definition
- Went against the idea of mentally ill people being put in insane asylum with inhumane conditions (jail and chains).
- Refuted that they were incurable
- He was an 1800 century physician and introduced “work treatment for the insane” and the idea was to keep them occupied.
- Introduced farming to patients to keep them occupied |
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Term
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Definition
| - An American physician that believed mentally people should be physically active and introduced moral treatment to the US and Philadelphia Hospital. |
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Term
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Definition
- He was an English Quaker
- Wanted to remove a family friend from the insane asylum. She thought she was going to die within 24 to 48 hours. Tuke took her and created the “retreat” or York Retreat.
- Patients at the retreat were treated with kindness and consideration with an emphasis on keeping them busy “occupied.”
- No security at the retreat as patients were not considered harmful. |
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Term
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Definition
| - The movement showed that giving people tasks promoted overall health and occupational therapy emerged from these ideas. |
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Term
| Reconstruction aides during World War I |
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Definition
• Physical therapy and was emphasized more than Occupational therapy before the start of World War One.
• Many physical and occupational therapy aide schools were opened during WWI to meet the demand needed for Reconstruction Aides; some schools were only five weeks long.
• The Surgeon General involved in Reconstruction Aides development.
• Reconstruction Aides, physical and occupational therapy aides, were trained personnel in the military who treated Army soldiers injured in the First World War.
• Occupational therapy aides used a variety of arts and crafts to stimulate wounded soldiers and helped them get back into a vocation, either in the military or as a civilian.
• The demand for physical and occupational therapy aides during the First World War was never met.
• Occupational therapy aides worked with both orthopedic and psychiatric patients..
• Many of the OT programs that were set up during the war quickly closed when the war ended as the demand of OT aides diminished.
• Reconstruction aides played a major role in validating the concept of activity in therapy and it was also a means by which OT became linked with physical disabilities. |
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Term
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Definition
Nurse; nursing teacher
Used occupation with the mentally ill. |
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Term
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Definition
Canadian Architect
Created a way for soldiers to return to work or learn a new vocation |
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Term
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Definition
Physician
Used arts and crafts movement for medical purposes |
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Term
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Definition
• Started in England; lead by John Ruskin and William Morris, later adopted by the United States in the early 1900’s
• England and America disagreed with the production of items by a machine because it was thought to alienate people from nature and creativity
• Arts and craft societies allowed people to use one’s hands to create objects
o This was healthier because it tied people physically and mentally to their work
• During the time of this movement people started to believe that a person with a disability can still be productive
• Herbert Hall developed the concept of combing the Arts & Crafts Movement with medicine and used crafts under medical supervision to improve health and financial independence
o Main Crafts, basket weaving, wood working, sewing, and pottery
• A facility at Marblehead, Massachusetts, was developed in 1904 to include arts and crafts as part of the treatment for patients with neurasthenia
• In 1914, George Edward Barton opened the Consolation House which used occupation as treatment
• Increase need for occupational arts and crafts as wounded vets came back from the war
• Other Key Contributors:
o William Dunton
o Susan Tracy
o Susan Johnson |
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Term
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Definition
A social worker,
“The mother of Occupational Therapy" |
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Term
| National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy (NSPOT) |
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Definition
• Formed on March 15, 1917
• Clifton Springs, New York
• Known as the 'formal birth' of the profession
• attendees of meeting
- George Barton
- William Dunton - founder
- Eleanor Clark Slagle
- Susan Cox Johnson
- Thomas Kidner
- Isabel Newton (Barton's secretary and later is wife)
• Object of the Association was, “to study and advance curative occupations for invalids and convalescents; to gather news of progress in occupational therapy and to use such knowledge to the common good; to encourage original research, to promote cooperation among occupational therapy societies, and with other agencies of rehabilitation.”
• First annual meeting held September 26, 1917
• Dunton presented the principles of occupational therapy in 1918 at the second annual meeting
• Dunton's Principles of Occupational Therapy
• Any activity should have a cure as its objective. The activity should be interesting.
• There should be a useful purpose other than to merely gain the patient's attention and interest.
• The activity should preferably lead to an increase in knowledge on the patient's part.
• Activity should be carried on with others, such as a group.
• The occupational therapist should make a careful study of the patient and attempt to meet as many needs as possible through activity.
• Activity should cease before the onset of fatigue.
• Genuine encouragement should be given whenever indicated.
• Work is much to be preferred over idleness, even when the end product of the patient's labor is of poor quality or is useless.
Eventually becomes AOTA (1921) |
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Term
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Definition
Adaptation
Psychobiology - Holistic (mind and body)
Balance of work, rest, play and sleep |
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Term
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Definition
An arts and crafts teacher
Advocated for the use of crafts in Occupational Therapy |
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Term
| Dr. William Rush Dunton, Jr |
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Definition
Psychiatrist
“The father of Occupational Therapy" |
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Term
| Dunton’s Principles of Occupational Therapy |
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Definition
1. Any Activity should have a cure as its object
2. The activity should be interesting
3. There should be a useful purpose other than to merely gain the patients attention and interest.
4. The activity should preferably lead to an increase in knowledge on the patient’s part.
5. Activities should be carried on with others, such as a group
6. The occupational therapist should make a careful study of the patient and attempt to meet as many needs as possible through activity.
7. Activity should cease before the onset of fatigue.
9. Genuine encouragement should be given whenever indicated
10. Work is much to be preferred over idleness, even when the end product of the patient’s labor is of poor quality or is useless |
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Term
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Definition
An architect
had tuberculosis and paralysis
understood the value of occupation |
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Term
| Do you have to be a member of AOTA? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who are the founders of OT? |
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Definition
Susan Cox Johnson, George Edward Barton, Eleanor Clarke Slagle.
William Rush Dunton, Isabelle Newton, and Thomas Bessell Kidner |
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Term
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Definition
Secretary
Wife of George Edward Barton |
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Term
| What is the (WFOT) World Federation of Occupational Therapy? |
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Definition
Full Membership
Has a professional OT association with at least 12 members who are citizens of the country
Has an OT educational program that meets WFOT standards
Associate Membership
Has a professional OT association with at least 4 members who are citizens of the country |
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Term
| What is the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) |
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Definition
Headquarters in Bethesda, Maryland
Run by: Volunteer and paid staff
Four divisions:
Business Operations Division
Division of Public Affairs
Professional Affairs Division
Finance, Information Technology, and Administration Division
Volunteers:
All members of the association
Represented by:
1) Executive Board – includes elected officials
2) Representative Assembly – elected officials
-1 person |
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Term
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Definition
| A pattern of behavior that involves certain rights and duties that an individual is expected, trained, and encouraged to perform in a particular social situation |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to meet the demands of roles |
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Term
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Definition
| The focus of occupational therapy is to support the client’s “health and participation in life through engagement in occupation” |
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Term
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Definition
| addresses the needs and goals of the client related to engaging in areas of occupation and considers the performance skills, performance patterns, context and environment, activity demands, and client factors that may influence performance in various areas of occupation. |
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Term
| The occupational therapist is responsible for... |
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Definition
is responsible for all aspects of occupational therapy service delivery and is accountable for the safety and effectiveness of the occupational therapy service delivery process.
The occupational therapy service delivery process involves evaluation, intervention planning, intervention implementation, intervention review, and outcome evaluation.
The occupational therapist must be directly involved in the delivery of services during the initial evaluation and regularly throughout the course of intervention and outcome evaluation. |
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Term
| The occupational therapy assistant is responsible for or can do... |
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Definition
delivers occupational therapy services under the supervision of and in partnership with the occupational therapist.
It is the responsibility of the occupational therapist to determine when to delegate responsibilities to an occupational therapy assistant.
It is the responsibility of the occupational therapy assistant who performs the delegated responsibilities to demonstrate service competency. |
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Term
| What are the roles and responsibility of The occupational therapist and the occupational therapy assistant? |
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Definition
| demonstrate and document service competency for clinical reasoning and judgment during the service delivery process as well as for the performance of specific techniques, assessments, and intervention methods used. |
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Term
| When delegating aspects of occupational therapy services, the occupational therapist considers the following factors: |
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Definition
a. Complexity of the client’s condition and needs;
b. Knowledge, skill, and competence of the occupational therapy practitioner;
c. Nature and complexity of the intervention; and
d. Needs and requirements of the practice setting. |
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Term
| When do you know that an OTA can do a job or has service competency? |
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Definition
Is achieved when the OT feels the task delegated to the OTA would achieve the same results as if done by the OT
Need to ask:
Can the task be done safely by the OTA?
Can the task be done effectively by the OTA?
If service competency cannot be assured, then task should not be delegated |
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Term
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Definition
Entry-level OT (2007)
Complete a postbaccalaureate degree
Master’s degree
Entry-level doctorate (OTD)
Complete level II fieldwork (6 months)
Pass the certification exam-
Comply with state requirements-AVOT
Participate in continuing education to maintain competency |
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Term
| Requirements to Practice for OTA |
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Definition
Complete associate degree
Complete level II fieldwork (4 months)
Pass the certification exam
Comply with state requirements
Participate in continuing education to maintain competency |
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Term
| What is "direct" level of supervision? |
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Definition
Supervising therapist is in the immediate area at all times (students & limited permit)
Immediate means on the “same campus” |
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Term
| What is "close" level of supervision? |
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Definition
| Daily, direct contact at work site |
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Term
| what is "routine supervision" level? |
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Definition
| Face-to-face contact at least every 2 weeks at work site with interim supervision through other methods |
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Term
| What is "general supervision" level? |
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Definition
| Face-to-face contact at least once a month with interim supervision through other methods as needed |
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Term
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Definition
Development of skills
Socialization in expectations
Organization
Team
Profession
Responsible and accountable for OT professional role
Close supervision is usually best practice |
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Term
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Definition
Intermediate OT
Increased independence
Mastery of basic role functions
Ability to use rely on previous experience
Participate in education
Often develop specialized skills
Increased responsibility for collaboration with other disciplines and organizations
Participation in more professional roles
Routine supervision usually best practice |
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Term
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Definition
Refinement of specialized skills
Understand complex issues
Contribute to knowledge base and growth of the profession
Can be a resource person
Participate in leadership, mentorship and educational roles
Recognized expertise within and outside the field
General supervision or less than once monthly |
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Term
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Definition
| Professional Guidelines for making correct or proper choices and decisions for health care practice in the field |
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Term
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Definition
| Individuals or groups receiving occupational therapy. |
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Term
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Definition
| A person who is enrolled in an accredited occupational therapy education program. |
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Term
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Definition
| A prospective participant or one who has agreed to participate in an approved research project. |
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Term
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Definition
| A person who is hired by a business (facility or organization) to provide occupational therapy services. |
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Term
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Definition
| A person who provides services in the same or different business (facility or organization) to which a professional relationship exists or may exist. |
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Term
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Definition
| The community of people at large. |
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Term
| Seven Principles of the Occupational Therapy Code of Ethics and Ethics Standards (2010) |
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Definition
BENEFICENCE
NONMALEFICENCE
AUTONOMY AND CONFIDENTIALITY
SOCIAL JUSTICE
PROCEDURAL JUSTICE
VERACITY
FIDELITY |
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Term
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Definition
(All forms of action intended to benefit other people. Beneficence connotes acts of mercy, kindness and charity.)
Principle 1. Occupational therapy personnel shall demonstrate a concern for the well-being and safety of the recipients of their services. |
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Term
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Definition
(Nonmaleficence obligates us to refrain from harming others. Above all do no harm.)
Principle 2. Occupational therapy personnel shall intentionally refrain from actions that cause harm. |
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Term
| Autonomy and Confidentiality |
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Definition
(Autonomy is self-determination.)
Principle 3. Occupational therapy personnel shall respect the right of the individual to self-determination. |
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Term
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Definition
| Principle 4. Occupational therapy personnel shall provide services in a fair and equitable manner. |
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Term
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Definition
| Principle 5. Occupational therapy personnel shall comply with institutional rules, local, state, federal, and international laws and AOTA documents applicable to the profession of occupational therapy. |
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Term
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Definition
(Veracity means truthfulness.)
Principle 6. Occupational therapy personnel shall provide comprehensive, accurate, and objective information when representing the profession. |
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Term
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Definition
(Fidelity means loyalty.)
Principle 7. Occupational therapy personnel shall treat colleagues and other professionals with respect, fairness, discretion, and integrity. |
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Term
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Definition
| the means by which therapeutic effects are transmitted (Hussey, Sabonis-Chafee & O’Brien,2007, p.289) what we bring…clay, a dance |
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Term
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Definition
| getting the client ready to engage in therapeutic occupation |
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Term
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Definition
| understanding the steps involved in doing an activity or therapeutic occupation |
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Term
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Definition
| bridging the gap between the client and the activity to create the just right challenge |
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Term
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Definition
| bridging the gap between the client and the activity to create the just right challenge |
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Term
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Definition
Techniques or activities that address the remediation and restoration of problems associated with client factors and body structure, with the long-term purpose of supporting the client’s acquisition of performance skills needed to resume his or her roles and daily occupations (Hussey, Sabonis-Chafee & O’Brien,2007, p.290).
Used in conjunction with or to prepare clients to engage in purposeful activity or occupational performance |
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Term
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Definition
Examples:
stimulate muscle fibers through vibration to activate for movement
use of deep pressure to inhibit excess muscle tone.
Purpose is to improve function but does not require client to engage in activity |
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Term
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Definition
| The scientific supervision of exercise for the purpose of preventing muscular atrophy, restoring joint and muscle function, and improving efficiency of cardiovascular and pulmonary function |
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Term
| Physical Agent Modalities |
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Definition
Preparatory methods used to bring about a response in soft tissue
Examples: paraffin baths, whirlpool, ultrasound |
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Term
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Definition
not the occupation development
Orthotic Device – An apparatus used to support, align, prevent, or correct deformities or to improve the function of movable parts of the body (Hussey, Sabonis-Chafee & O’Brien,2007, p.290).
Ex. Splint – a device for immobilization, restraint, or support of any part of the body |
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Term
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Definition
goal-directed behaviors or tasks that comprise occupations. An activity is purposeful if the individual is an active, voluntary participant and if the activity is directed toward a goal
that has a goal in sight and does not have to be meaningful to the client |
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Term
| Simulated or contrived activity: |
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Definition
| Activity that requires some kind of pretending. Used when materials or equipment for activity is not available. |
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Term
| Occupation-Based Activity |
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Definition
| the performance of occupation-related activities by the client, including activities of daily living, work and school tasks, and play or leisure tasks |
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Term
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Definition
the process by which the steps of an activity and its components are examined in detail to determine the demands on the client.
Approaches to activity analysis:
Frames of reference -
looking at an activity through a particular theoretical lens (Hussey, Sabonis-Chafee & O’Brien,2007, p.222)
Occupation based –
looks at how occupations impact the whole person by using the domain as found in the OTPF II |
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Term
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Definition
| looking at an activity through a particular theoretical lens |
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Term
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Definition
| looks at how occupations impact the whole person by using the domain as found in the OTPF II |
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Term
| Occupation Based Activity Analysis- |
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Definition
| Involves examining how an activity is typically completed and breaking it down into steps holistically using the OTPF II Domain |
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Term
| Occupation Based Activity Analysis- |
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Definition
| Involves examining how an activity is typically completed and breaking it down into steps holistically using the OTPF II Domain |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of identifying gaps in performance and bridging those gaps by grading or adapting the activity or the environment in order to provide the “just right challenge” for the client |
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