help reduce work effort

nurses should use good body mechanics to prevent injuries

refers to the amount of tension/resistance to movement in a muscle

helps with posture

center of gravity

-balanced over a wide base

-when that vertical line does not fall through COG a person is off balanced

force that occurs in a direction to oppose movement

-the greater the surface area the greater the friction 

-fit closely together and are fixed permitting little if any movement

- between tibia and fibula

have little or no movement but are elastic and se cartilage to unite seperate body surfaces

-ex. between ribs and costal cartilage

freely movable and most mobile, numerous, and anatomically complex

-ex. elbow

-bring about movement of the joint

-relaxes during movement

contracts during movement

-groups of muscles that contract together to accomplish the same body movement

-involved with joint stablization

-they oppose the effect of gravity on the body permitting you to stay upright

-process by which resistance to an infectious disease is produced or augmented

-can be active or passive

-skin condition causing white heads, blackheads, and inflamed red regions

-begins in puberty due to increase in hormones

found in the mucosa linning of the cheeks and mouth

tootless

often older patients

outer layer of skin

composed of several thin layers of cells undergoing different stages of maturation

-comprises all fluid within the cells of the body

-42% of body weight

fluid outside the cell

divided into 3 smaller compartments

17% of body weight

contains lymph

fluid between the cells and outside the blood vessels

-fluid seperated from the other fluids by a cellular barrier and consists of cerebrospinal pleura, GI, intaocular, peritoneal, and synovial fluids.

-Loss of it can cause electrolyte imbalance 

-element or compound that wen dissolved or dissociated in water or another solvent,

-it seperates into ions 

-you want the charges to stay equal

-drawing power of water and depends onthe number of molecules in solution

-high pressure = high concentration and it pulls solute towards it

number of molecules in a liter of solution

measured in milliosmoles per liter

-solution with the same osmolarity as blood plasma

-indicates that solution on both sides of the semipermeable membrane are equal in concentration

-solution of higher osmotic pressure

-causes cell to shrink because it pulls fluid out

solutions of lower osmotic pressure 

moves fluid inside cell causing swelling

requires energy 

moves from lower to higher concentration

excessive fluid loss

occurs with excessive vomiting or hemorrhage

-Arterial Blood Gas

-most effective way to evaluate acid-base balance and oxygenation 

high acid content in the blood

causes loss of sodium bicarbonate

-result of heavy loss of acid from the body or increase in levels of bicarbonate

-caused by vomiting or gastric suction most commonly