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Forty Names of Christian History
Forty People you should know about from Church History - 40 Names - CHIS 501 - CHIS501
160
Religious Studies
Graduate
05/23/2012

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Term
Plato - Century
Definition
4th B.C.
Term
Plato - Event
Definition
records Socrates drinking the hemlock
Term
Plato - Thought
Definition
this world of sense perception is transient, the real world is transcendent and can only be "remembered" by our immortal souls.
Term
Plato - Story
Definition
the student of Socrates and the teacher of Aristotle
Term
Philo - Century
Definition
1st
Term
Philo - Event
Definition
contemporary of Christ
Term
Philo - Thought
Definition
allegorized Moses into Middle Platonic thought
Term
Philo - Story
Definition
represented the Jews to Gaius Caligula, the Emperor attempting to put his golden statue in the Jerusalem Temple
Term
Clement of Rome - Century
Definition
1st
Term
Clement of Rome - Event
Definition
young leaders displacing elders of the church at Corinth
Term
Clement of Rome - Thought
Definition
Peter and Paul already in heaven
Term
Clement of Rome - Story
Definition
tells the stories of Old Testament judgments against usurpers and rebellions as examples for the Christian church
Term
Ignatius of Antioch - Century
Definition
early 2nd
Term
Ignatius of Antioch - Event
Definition
his trip to Rome and martyrdom
Term
Ignatius of Antioch - Thought
Definition
urged the churches of Asia Minor to adopt a monarchical episcopate form of church governance
Term
Ignatius of Antioch - Story
Definition
pleads with Roman Christians not to rescue him from martyrdom lest he lose his chance to emulate Christ and Paul
Term
Epistle of Barnabas - Century
Definition
2nd
Term
Epistle of Barnabas - Event
Definition
written after major Jewish uprisings in Alexandria and Judea
Term
Epistle of Barnabas - Thought
Definition
rejects weekly Sabbath in favor of 1000 year and 8th day rest
Term
Epistle of Barnabas - Story
Definition
allegorizes Old Testament stories into Christian teaching, but keeps their historical reality
Term
Polycarp of Smyrna - Century
Definition
2nd
Term
Polycarp of Smyrna - Event
Definition
martyrdom of Polycarp
Term
Polycarp of Smyrna - Thought
Definition
taught the Christians in Philippi to use a Presbyterian form of church governance
Term
Polycarp of Smyrna - Story
Definition
learned Christianity from John, served God 86 years and died praying for his persecutors and reviling the crowd of pagans as atheists
Term
Marcion - Century
Definition
2nd
Term
Marcion - Event
Definition
Marcionite Heresy at Rome condemned by Irenaeus of Lyon
Term
Marcion - Thought
Definition
the Old Testament god is a weak god of material and justice. The New Testament God, Jesus Christ, is the high God and is loving and merciful
Term
Marcion - Story
Definition
sold his shipping business and gave the proceeds to the Roman Church. When they finally rejected his heresy they returned his money
Term
Justin Martyr - Century
Definition
2nd
Term
Justin Martyr - Event
Definition
worshiping on the first day of the week in Rome
Term
Justin Martyr - Thought
Definition
Old Testament prophets predict Jesus Christ but reject Sabbath and circumcision
Term
Justin Martyr - Story
Definition
styles himself a Christian philosopher after trying and rejecting the major philosophies of his day
Term
Irenaeus of Lyon - Century
Definition
2nd
Term
Irenaeus of Lyon - Event
Definition
wrote Against Heresies ca. 180
Term
Irenaeus of Lyon - Thought
Definition
Christ must be true God and true human to bring God and humans together
Term
Irenaeus of Lyon - Story
Definition
learned at the feet of Polycarp, who learned from John, and he claimed authority based on getting his information in a direct way from an apostle
Term
Clement of Alexandria - Century
Definition
2nd
Term
Clement of Alexandria - Event
Definition
second teacher in the school of biblical exegesis at Alexandria
Term
Clement of Alexandria - Thought
Definition
all that is best in philosophy was derived from revelation through Moses and the prophets
Term
Clement of Alexandria - Story
Definition
was a high-born, well-educated Greek who traveled and studied widely
Term
Tertullian - Century
Definition
early 3rd
Term
Tertullian - Event
Definition
the Montanist Heresy attracts him because of its rigorist ethic
Term
Tertullian - Thought
Definition
begins Latin theology with the economy of God, where he sees Jesus Christ as "light from light and true God from true God."
Term
Tertullian - Story
Definition
is a Roman citizen with a patrician upbringing and education, as such he sees Christianity through conservative, Roman mores
Term
Origen - Century
Definition
3rd
Term
Origen - Event
Definition
wrote commentaries on every book of Scripture
Term
Origen - Thought
Definition
Jesus was God through participation, not by nature
Term
Origen - Story
Definition
when as a teen his father was martyred he wanted to join him, but was stopped by his bishop; to gain self- control it is probable that he castrated himself
Term
Anthony - Century
Definition
late 3rd
Term
Anthony - Event
Definition
became the model anchorite, the first ascetic to leave the Nile valley for the upper desert
Term
Anthony - Thought
Definition
he wanted to live out the injunctions of Scripture rather than discuss them
Term
Anthony - Story
Definition
did battle with demons in spiritual warfare, and defeated the devil by living like Christ.
Term
Cyprian of Carthage - Century
Definition
3rd
Term
Cyprian of Carthage - Event
Definition
persecution by Decius
Term
Cyprian of Carthage - Thought
Definition
the bishop is the church; only the bishop can forgive sins
Term
Cyprian of Carthage - Story
Definition
martyred by his choice for an example to his people by Valerius
Term
Diocletian - Century
Definition
early 4th
Term
Diocletian - Event
Definition
begins great persecution of 303-313
Term
Diocletian - Thought
Definition
to bring the Roman Empire back to its former glory he called for a return to traditional Roman religion and pushed to eradicate new religions such as Christianity and Manicheanism
Term
Diocletian - Story
Definition
forced to withdraw from active leadership by poor health in 304/305, every son, cousin or other claimant to the throne came forward to get a piece of the empire
Term
Constantine - Century
Definition
4th
Term
Constantine - Event
Definition
ended the persecution begun by Diocletian
Term
Constantine - Thought
Definition
followed and continued the practice of a Christian official not receiving baptism until just before death so that forgiveness would cover all actions
Term
Constantine - Story
Definition
chaired the Council of Nicea in 325, then forced all to sign the Nicean Creed on pain of death, then, when the bishops backed away from the creed, he forced all to repudiate it on pain of death
Term
Arius - Century
Definition
4th
Term
Arius - Event
Definition
condemned at Council of Nicea in 325
Term
Arius - Thought
Definition
there was a time when Jesus was not, he was the first creature through whom all was created
Term
Arius - Story
Definition
argued with his bishop, Alexander of Alexandria, over the divine nature of Christ
Term
Athanasius - Century
Definition
4th
Term
Athanasius - Event
Definition
wrote the Life of Anthony
Term
Athanasius - Thought
Definition
Jesus Christ, God the Son, has the same divine nature as God the Father
Term
Athanasius - Story
Definition
banished five times for upholding the Nicean formula
Term
Donatus - Century
Definition
4th
Term
Donatus - Event
Definition
the Dontatists split from the Catholics over the election of the dubious Caeculius as bishop of Carthage
Term
Donatus - Thought
Definition
we Donatists, the few, are the true people of God; the Catholics, the many, are the antichrist
Term
Donatus - Story
Definition
2nd bishop elected by the rigorist group against Caeculius
Term
Basil of Caesarea - Century
Definition
4th
Term
Basil of Caesarea - Event
Definition
wrote On the Holy Spirit
Term
Basil of Caesarea - Thought
Definition
the Holy Spirit is God with the same divine nature as the Father and Son
Term
Basil of Caesarea - Story
Definition
educated in Athens in the schools of philosophy and attempted an urban Christian ascetic movement
Term
Macrina - Century
Definition
4th
Term
Macrina - Event
Definition
turned her family estate into a monastic experiment where she and her slaves lived as equals
Term
Macrina - Thought
Definition
taught the ascent of the soul to God in Christian terms
Term
Macrina - Story
Definition
older sister of Basil and she learned philosophy and religion from him and through her reading
Term
Gregory of Nyssa - Century
Definition
4th
Term
Gregory of Nyssa - Event
Definition
wrote the Life of Macrina and On the Making of Man
Term
Gregory of Nyssa - Thought
Definition
taught that Origen was right when he said all would be saved, even the devil (Apokatastasis)
Term
Gregory of Nyssa - Story
Definition
little brother of Basil of Ceasarea who was a brilliant writer himself; he carried on the work of his family in both theology and monasticism
Term
Gregory of Nazianzus - Century
Definition
4th
Term
Gregory of Nazianzus - Event
Definition
as bishop of Constantinople he chaired the Council of Constantinople in 381
Term
Gregory of Nazianzus - Thought
Definition
in his five Theological Orations he details the Trinity doctrine as accepted at Constantinople
Term
Gregory of Nazianzus - Story
Definition
Basil's best friend and school chum, allowed Basil to make him bishop of Nazianzus to defeat the politics at Valens, but was later deposed as bishop of Constantinople. He never really forgave Basil for this.
Term
Augustine - Century
Definition
5th
Term
Augustine - Event
Definition
Alaric the Goth sacks Rome in 410. Augustine wrote City of God in response
Term
Augustine - Thought
Definition
the church is protected, Satan is bound, so the church cannot err.
Term
Augustine - Story
Definition
he is at long last converted through the prayers and influence of his mother, Monnica, and the biblical interpretation of Ambrose of Milan
Term
John Chrysostom - Century
Definition
5th
Term
John Chrysostom - Event
Definition
His reforms against ostentation at Constantinople caused eastern emperor Arcadius much trouble. He was eventually marched to death in the heat of summer, 407, around the Black Sea
Term
John Chrysostom - Thought
Definition
emphasized the change wrought by ordination in his book On the Priesthood
Term
John Chrysostom - Story
Definition
Chrysostom stands for golden-mouthed as John was the finest preacher in the world
Term
Pelagius - Century
Definition
5th
Term
Pelagius - Event
Definition
comes to Rome and criticizes the laxity of Christians there
Term
Pelagius - Thought
Definition
human freedom of the will is so innate that each person falls on account of his own sin, like Adam did
Term
Pelagius - Story
Definition
came to Rome from his native Britain and even after he is virtually exiled from Rome and moves east he is counted as orthodox both in Britain and by the Greek fathers
Term
Jerome - Century
Definition
5th
Term
Jerome - Event
Definition
translated the Latin Vulgate from Hebrew and Greek
Term
Jerome - Thought
Definition
taught the perpetual virginity of Mary and the moral superiority of celibacy to marriage
Term
Jerome - Story
Definition
during the Origenist controversy, he named Origen a heretic and publicly disavowed him while at the same time heavily using Origen's commentaries in his own commentaries.
Term
Paula - Century
Definition
5th
Term
Paula - Event
Definition
followed Jerome to Palestine, financing both his trip and both their monasteries near Bethlehem
Term
Paula - Thought
Definition
she articulated, along with Jerome, the superiority of the celibate ascetic life
Term
Paula - Story
Definition
she was a rich widow from the west who was attracted to the east by the asceticism
Term
Nestorius - Century
Definition
5th
Term
Nestorius - Event
Definition
Council of Ephesus 431
Term
Nestorius - Thought
Definition
you can distinguish between the divinity and humanity of Jesus so clearly that it is impossible to say that Mary bore God, or that God suffered
Term
Nestorius - Story
Definition
brought to Constantinople by the Empress Eudoxia who arranged for him to be bishop, but it was Eudoxia who brought him down when he criticized her morals and she changed her Christology
Term
Theodore of Mopsuestia - Century
Definition
5th
Term
Theodore of Mopsuestia - Event
Definition
in the writing of his Psalms commentaries he held only four Psalms to be Christological
Term
Theodore of Mopsuestia - Thought
Definition
stressed that Christ had two complete and distinct natures, and allegory was illegitimate in the interpretation of Scripture
Term
Theodore of Mopsuestia - Story
Definition
he was the student of Diodore of Tarsus along with John Chrysostom
Term
Cyril of Alexandria - Century
Definition
5th
Term
Cyril of Alexandria - Event
Definition
Council of Chalcedon accepted Cyril's and Theodore's Christology but not that of Nestorius
Term
Cyril of Alexandria - Thought
Definition
Hypostatic Union - Christ has two natures but they are joined in such a way as to be indistinguishable
Term
Cyril of Alexandria - Story
Definition
he fought long to get all Antiochene Christology banned, but in the end agreed to live and let live, except Nestorius
Term
Benedict - Century
Definition
6th
Term
Benedict - Event
Definition
he destroyed pagan shrines on his chosen retreat on Montecassino
Term
Benedict - Thought
Definition
obedience to God and Abbot, giving up your own will to your spiritual leader
Term
Benedict - Story
Definition
in writing The Rule he drew from all the previous rules and formed a moderate consensus
Term
Gregory the Great - Century
Definition
6th
Term
Gregory the Great - Event
Definition
left to defend Rome alone, he bought off the Ostrogoths from sacking Rome using church funds
Term
Gregory the Great - Thought
Definition
he encouraged relics, asceticism, and missions
Term
Gregory the Great - Story
Definition
the son of a Roman senator and rose to praetor at an early age. He was also the grandson of Pope Felix III. He could have been a very successful statesman but chose to be an ascetic and churchman
Term
Charlemagne - Century
Definition
9th
Term
Charlemagne - Event
Definition
Pope Leo III crowns him emperor of Rome on Christmas, 800
Term
Charlemagne - Thought
Definition
revived the study of canon law and Scripture
Term
Charlemagne - Story
Definition
oversaw the Carolingian Renaissance and though crowned by a pope felt that bishops should be subject to their secular overlords
Term
Anselm - Century
Definition
11th
Term
Anselm - Event
Definition
wrote the Proslogion as a deductive argument from effect to cause for the existence of God (ontological argument)
Term
Anselm - Thought
Definition
developed substitutionary atonement in commercial terms of satisfaction--Christ paid the debt we could not pay
Term
Anselm - Story
Definition
this Italian became Archbishop of Canterbury (England) but was best known for his theological reflection
Term
Peter Lombard - Century
Definition
12th
Term
Peter Lombard - Event
Definition
wrote the Sentences which became the norm for theological reflection
Term
Peter Lombard - Thought
Definition
emphasized seven sacraments
Term
Peter Lombard - Story
Definition
as teacher at the University of Paris, he represents a new norm of theology being centered in the universities rather than in the bishops
Term
Francis of Assisi - Century
Definition
13th
Term
Francis of Assisi - Event
Definition
founded Franciscan Order (and Poor Clares and Tertiaries) as monastic reform
Term
Francis of Assisi - Thought
Definition
he urged poverty, chastity and obedient service, as well as public preaching and missionary work
Term
Francis of Assisi - Story
Definition
the son of a wealthy merchant who turned from his wealth to serve the poor. He did not at first intend the order, it grew around him, then he led it.
Term
Thomas Aquinas - Century
Definition
13th
Term
Thomas Aquinas - Event
Definition
Aristotle's writings are reintroduced in the west from Islam
Term
Thomas Aquinas - Thought
Definition
through reason and observation one can build a natural theology that parallels revealed theology
Term
Thomas Aquinas - Story
Definition
called the "dumb ox" in school for his slowness of thought, he came to be known as the "angelic doctor" in later life for his meticulous reasoning. (His analogies came to be know as Thomisms)
Term
John Duns Scotus - Century
Definition
13th
Term
John Duns Scotus - Event
Definition
wrote (yet another) commentary on the Sentences
Term
John Duns Scotus - Thought
Definition
emphasized will over reason and ontology over analogy.
Term
John Duns Scotus - Story
Definition
This scholastic Franciscan came to be known as the "subtle doctor" on account of theological distinctions where he pulled together the Neo- Platonic Augustine and the Aristotelian Thomas and everyone between. (His doctrines of being came to be known as Scotisms)
Term
Julian of Norwich - Century
Definition
14th
Term
Julian of Norwich - Event
Definition
while near death from sickness she saw 16 visions which she recorded as Revelations of Divine Love
Term
Julian of Norwich - Thought
Definition
everything has being through the love of God
Term
Julian of Norwich - Story
Definition
her writings were largely ignored until the 19th century renewed interest in spirituality when they were discovered to be rich in the theology of God's personal love and atonement--All shall be well, All shall be well, And all manner of thing shall be well
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