Term
| What colored stoppered tube should be used to collect a sample for blood alcohol testing and why? |
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Definition
| Grey: it has a preservative to inhibit bacterial growth (which can create low levels of alcohol) and an anticoagulent to ensure a homogenous sample is tested |
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Term
| When an officer performs a subject breath test for DUI cases, a ___ minute observation period is require before a breath sample is collected. Why? |
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Definition
| 15; To make sure the subject doesn't burp, vomit, smoke, eat, or anything else that could affect the reading |
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Term
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Definition
| A spike in alcohol in the mouth due to vomiting or burping which could throw off a breathalyzer (EPAS) test |
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Term
| What is deep lung air and why is it the best indicator of BAC? |
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Definition
| The air from the alveoli sacs from the bottom of the lungs and because it represents the highest and most accurate alcohol concentration in the body (blood/breath ratio 2100:1) |
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Term
| Describe Locard's principle |
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Definition
| AKA Cross-transfer: the exchange of materials between two objects that occurs whenever two objects come into contact with one another |
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Term
| What is net versus gross weight? |
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Definition
| Net is just the weight of a drug while gross is the drug and its packaging |
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Term
| Define latent, plastic, and patent prints |
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Definition
Latent: one that requires developing in order to be seen and collected
Plastic: a print that has been left in a malleable material such as clay or mud
Patent: one that is obvious to the naked eye, such as one left in blood or ink |
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Term
| How does one collect bloody evidence? |
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Definition
For an object such as a T shirt, you must separate the items (if there is more than one), air dry them if wet, place in a paper bag, and freeze.
For an object like a knife, the item needs to be placed in a box or similar item so that the blade doesn't pierce the package, and it should not be frozen since the condensation might wash away evidence. |
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Term
| If you have a bloody knife what should you test for first, touch DNA or fingerprints? |
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Definition
| Fingerprints, since you have a better chance of getting one |
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Term
| When collecting an item you believe to be saturated with an accelerant used to start a fire, should you air dry the item before packing it? |
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Definition
| No, the fumes are needed to identify the accelerant with gas chromatography |
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Term
| What does CODIS stand for and what goes into it? |
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Definition
| Combined Offender DNA Index System; Offender DNA profiles as well as solved/unsolved case DNA |
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Term
| What are some precautions a CSI can take in order to prevent contamination of evidence? |
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Definition
-Wear gloves (changing as often as possible)
-Wear a mask
-Wear booties is an especially messy scene
-Limit the people allowed at the scene
-Use disposable instruments |
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Term
| When collecting a firearm what is the first thing that should be done? |
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Definition
| Check to make sure the safety is on and the gun is not loaded |
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Term
| What are class versus individual characteristics and provide a few examples |
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Definition
Class: features that indicate a restricted group
Individual: Unique marks produced by random imperfections, wear, or irregularities that can distinguish the object from all others
Gun class: direction of twist, caliber, lands/groves
Gun Individual: striations in lands/groves |
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Term
| A contact wound is indicated by... |
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Definition
| Charred fabric and no GSR pattern (since the barrel was pressed against target and couldn't spread the GSR) |
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Term
| What is spontaneous combustion and give two examples when it can occur |
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Definition
A fire caused by a natural heat-producing process in the presence of sufficient air and fuel
-Wet hay and induce bacterial growth and produce heat, eventually starting a fire
-Rags soaked in linseed oil in a bucket can produce heat and ignite |
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Term
| Define what point of origin means in regards to a fire scene |
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Definition
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Term
| When collecting fire evidence, what containers may be used? |
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Definition
-Clean paint cans with lids
-Mason jars with lids
-KA-PAK fire bags |
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Term
| What is the goal of every fire investigation? |
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Definition
| To determine the point of origin and cause of the fire |
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Term
| One way to determine the point of origin in a fire scene is to... |
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Definition
| Follow the pattern back from least to most damage. The most damage indicates where the fire started |
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Term
| What are the three points of the fire triangle? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Information of probative value that is stored or transmitted in binary form |
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Term
| Define a mobile device and give several examples |
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Definition
Any digital device designed to be easily transported that may contain digital evidence
Cell phones, tablet computers, GPS units, laptops, pagers |
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Term
| Before one begins to search for digital evidence, what does one need? Are there any exceptions to this? |
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Definition
| Legal authority; Yes, in cases where a prisoner is caught with a mobile device |
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Term
| In regards to digital evidence, what are logical and physical tools? |
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Definition
Logical: can get visible data on the device (call logs, contacts, SMS messages)
Physical: can get deleted data, obtain data that can be decoded, and raw non-decoded data not viewable on the device |
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Term
| What is the first thing the investigator should do when looking at a cell phone? |
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Definition
| Contact the service provider to get any information they may have stored from the phone before the provider deletes it |
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Term
| Name some of the tools used in digital evidence |
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Definition
| XRY, EnCase6 and 7, CelleBrite UFED, SecureView, ZRT2, MOBILedit! |
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Term
| What are the 3 locations you can store information on a phone? |
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Definition
| The handset, SIM card, and memory card |
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Term
| What are the two predominate cell phone networks in the US? |
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Definition
Code Division Multiple Acess (CDMA)
Global System of Mobile communications (GSM) |
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Term
| What are the three reasons to prevent a phone from communicating to its network? |
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Definition
| First in, first out (once the storage space is replaced with new data, the old data cannot be retrieved); prevent the ability of a subject to issue a remote wiping of the phone; prevent changes to the phone after it has been taken as evidence |
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Term
| How can one cut the lines of communication with the cell network? |
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Definition
| Use a cell jammer, turn the phone onto airplane mode, remove the battery if phone is off, place in a shielded container (faraday bag, box with aluminum foil) |
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Term
| Is digital information all that can be retrieved from a cell phone? |
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Definition
| No, other evidence such as fingerprints, blood, hair, fibers, etc. may be found |
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Term
| True or false: if a mobile device was found immersed in a liquid, you should immediately remove and dry the device |
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Definition
| False. You should store the device in the same liquid in which it was found |
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Term
| True or False: Evidence is destroyed after a mobile device has suffered physical damage like being burned or crushed |
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Definition
| False: It can still possible contain evidence |
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Term
| True or False: Once you receive a cell phone, you should try guessing at the password rather than let a tool extract one to save time |
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Definition
| False: doing this can lock the phone |
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Term
| True or false: the pointed end of a bloodstain always faces its direction of travel |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three speeds of spatter and give an example of each |
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Definition
| Low velocity (gravity propelled), medium velocity (cast off), high velocity (gunshot or machinery) |
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Term
| Define a wipe in regards to blood spatter |
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Definition
| A bloodstain pattern created when an object passes through a preexisting wet bloodstain |
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Term
| Define swipe in regards to blood spatter |
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Definition
| The result of a bloodstained object transferring blood to a non-bloodstained object when either is in motion |
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Term
| What is a contact stain in regards to blood spatter? |
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Definition
| Blood left on a surface made after a bloody object touched it |
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Term
| With regards to blood spatter, what is a spine? |
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Definition
| An edge characteristic of bloodstains composed of small projections directed away from the center of a bloodstain |
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Term
| What is satellite spatter in regards to blood spatter? |
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Definition
| A bloodstain ejected from a parent bloodstain upon impact with a target surface |
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Term
| What is cast-off in regards to blood spatter? |
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Definition
| Blood which is flung from a bloodstained object to a target surface |
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Term
| What is shadowing in regards to blood spatter? |
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Definition
| A void of spatter due to an object blocking the path of travel |
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Term
| When analyzing blood spatter evidence, it is important to grid the area. What does this entail? |
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Definition
| A method used to recreate the area from photographs. Squares are made with a contrasting string color and complete with scales |
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Term
| What are the advantages and disadvantages of digital photography? |
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Definition
Advantages: cost savings with regards to film (and developing it), immediate review of photo, no generational loss with copying, average card holds 400 photos versus 36 per roll of film
Disadvantages: Cameras are more expensive (but saves money in the long run) |
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Term
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Definition
| International Standards Organization; the ISO number indicates how sensitive the film is to light |
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Term
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Definition
| How your camera reads and adjusts to the temperature of light. |
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Term
| What are the different camera modes? |
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Definition
| Program (totally automatic), Shutter priority (you set shutter speed), Shutter speed (electronically controlled shutter), Aperture Priority (you adjust aperture), and Manual (you do all adjustments) |
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Term
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Definition
| The area in a photograph in which objects are in sharp focus |
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Term
| What are the three types of shots taken at a crime scene? |
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Definition
| Overview shots (entire scene), mid-range or approach shots (shows evidence in context with environment), and close-up (just evidence, taken with and without scale) |
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