Term
| which landmarks of the forearm are palpable? |
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Definition
Medial & lateral epicondyles of the humerus
Olecrenon of the ulna
Radial head can be palpated during pronation/supination
Posterior border of ulna down the entire length of the forearm
Pulsations of the radial artery can be felt throughout the forearm from the cubital fossa to the wrist, anterior to the radial styloid process |
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Term
| the radius and ulna are joined by? |
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Definition
| the interosseous membrane |
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Term
| describe the orientation of the fibers in the interosseous membrane |
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Definition
| the fibers are oriented to prevent superior protrusion of the radius and to transfer forces to the ulna |
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Term
| during pronation, the radial head spins on what structures? |
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Definition
| the capitulum and the radial notch of the ulna |
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|
Term
| what happens at the distal radioulnar joint? |
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Definition
| the ulnar notch of the radius slides anteriorly over the ulna |
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Term
| during pronation/supination, what structures hold the bones of the forearm in place? |
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Definition
| the anular ligament of the radius, the interosseous membrane, articular disc at the radioulnar joint |
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Term
| what two muscles compose the flexor compartment of the forearm? |
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Definition
| pronator teres, pronator quadratus |
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|
Term
| what four muscles are involved in pronation/supination? |
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Definition
| pronator teres, pronator quadratus, biceps brachii, supinator |
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|
Term
| what muscles compose the extensor compartment of the forearm? |
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Definition
| biceps brachii and supinator |
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|
Term
| which muscles compose the superficial anterior forearm flexors? |
|
Definition
| pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris |
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|
Term
| what muscle composes the intermediate anterior forearm flexor? |
|
Definition
| flexor digitorum superficialis |
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|
Term
| which muscles compose the deep anterior forearm flexors? |
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Definition
| flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus |
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|
Term
| the superficial forearm flexors are innervated by what nerve? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| the median nerve passes between the heads of what muscle? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| through what muscle does the ulnar nerve pass between? |
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Definition
| passes between the humeral and ulnar heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris |
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|
Term
| a person with pronator syndrome would present with inability to flex what? |
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Definition
| the 2nd and 3rd fingers because the median nerve also supplies the 2nd and 3rd lumbricle muscles which aid in metacarpophalangeal joint flexion |
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|
Term
| which artery is the main supply to the deep palmar arch of the hand? |
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Definition
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Term
| in the cubital fossa, the brachial artery branches into the _____ & _____ arteries. |
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Definition
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Term
| the superficial branch of the radial nerve runs along side which muscle? |
|
Definition
| the brachioradialis muscle |
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|
Term
| the largest arteries of the forearm are located in which compartment? |
|
Definition
| the anterior compartment; they pass distally to supply the hand and give branches to the posterior compartment |
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|
Term
| as the ulnar artery exits the cubital fossa, it gives rise to what artery? |
|
Definition
| the common interosseous artery |
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|
Term
| the interosseous artery gives rise to what 2 arteries? |
|
Definition
| the anterior and posterior interosseous arteries |
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|
Term
| which artery is the main supply to the superficial palmar arch of the hand? |
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Definition
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Term
| the palm of the hand is usually drained via _____ _____. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| both deep and superficial veins ultimately drain into what vein? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| venipuncture is usually accomplished in what vein? |
|
Definition
| the median cubital vein overlying the cubital fossa |
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|
Term
| superficial drainage begins in the dorsum of the hand via what network? |
|
Definition
| the dorsal venous network |
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|
Term
| all muscles of the posterior forearm are innervated by what nerve? |
|
Definition
| the radial nerve (the posterior interosseous nerve is a deep branch of this nerve) |
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|
Term
| which muscle forms the lateral boundary of the cubital fossa? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| which muscles form the borders of the "anatomical snuff box"? |
|
Definition
| the extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis |
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|
Term
| blood supply to the posterior forearm is via what 3 arteries? |
|
Definition
Posterior interosseous
Anterior interosseous
Radial, via muscular branches which contribute to supply the extensor muscles on the radial side |
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|
Term
| what is the term for the fascial thickenings that contain muscle tendons of the hand? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the retinacula? |
|
Definition
| prevent bowstringing during hyperextension; to reduce friction, they are covered with a synovial sheath |
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|
Term
| which bones compose the proximal row of the carpal bones from lateral to medial? |
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Definition
| scaphoid, lunate, triquetrium, pisiform |
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|
Term
| which bones compose the distal row of the carpal bones from lateral to medial? |
|
Definition
| trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate |
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|
Term
| which ligament binds to the carpal arch to create the carpal tunnel? |
|
Definition
| transverse carpal ligament |
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|
Term
| what are the 2 groups of intrinsic muscles in the hand? |
|
Definition
| the thenar and hypothenar group |
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|
Term
| what nerve innervates the thenar group? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what nerve innervates the hypothenar group? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the deep branches of the ulnar artery and nerve pass into the hand via what region? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the expansion hood arrangment allow? |
|
Definition
| extension from lumbrical muscles |
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|
Term
| blood supply to the tendons of the expansion hood is via what? |
|
Definition
| vessels from the periosteum |
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|
Term
| the palmar interosseous muscles (PAD) are innervated by the deep branch of what nerve? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the PAD muscles are palmar abductors or adductors? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the dorsal interosseous muscles (DAB) are innervated by the deep branch of what nerve? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the DAB muscles are dorsal adductors or abductors? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| how many DAB muscles are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many PAD muscles are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do the lumbrical muscles flex? |
|
Definition
| the digits at the metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP) |
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|
Term
| the 1st and 2nd lumbrical muscles are innervated by what nerve? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the 3rd and 4th lumbrical muscles are innervated by what nerve? |
|
Definition
| the deep branch of the ulnar nerve |
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|
Term
| the major arterial supply to the superficial arch is from what artery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the major arterial supply to the deep palmar arch is from what artery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a dupuytren's contracture? |
|
Definition
This contracture is a disease of the palmar fascia resulting in a thickening of the fibrous bands on the palmar surface of the hand & fingers
This contracture is frequently bilateral & common in males above age 50 – etiology is unknown, but evidence suggests a hereditary predisposition
Surgical excision of the fibrous parts of the palmar fascia frees the fingers |
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|
Term
| what causes carpal tunnel syndrome? |
|
Definition
| compression on the median nerve within the carpal canal |
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|
Term
| what are some treatments for carpal tunnel syndrome? |
|
Definition
| surgical decompression, splints, activity modification, vitamins and non steroidal anti-inflammatory meds |
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|
Term
| what is degenerative arthritis of the hand characterized by? |
|
Definition
| loss of thumb pinch stability (pain) |
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