Compression

Stress that squeezes rock until it forlds or breaks

Syncline

A downward fold in rock formed by compression in the Earth's crust

Tension

Stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle.

Shearing

Stress that pushes masses of rock in opposite directions, in a sideways movement

Normal Fault

A type of fault where the hanging wall slides downward; caused by tension in the crust

Strike-slip Fault

A type of fault in which rocks on either side move past each other sideways with little up or down motion

Anticline

An upward fold in rock formed by compression of the Earth's crust

Footwall

The block of rock that forms the lower half of a fault

Reverse fault

A type of fault where the hanging wall slides upwardl caused by compression in the crust.

Hanging wall

The block of rock that forms the upper half of a fault.