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| the instrument to measure tempeture |
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| the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid |
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| the temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid |
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| smallest particle of an element that still retains all the properties of that element. |
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heavy center core
makes up 99% of the mass of the atom
dense
positively charged
contains protons and neutrons
Protons - positive charge, mass of 1 AMU
Neutrons - no charge, mass of 1 AMU
AMU = atomic mass unit |
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| space around the nucleus where electrons are found |
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number of PROTONS in the nucleus of a neutral atom
all atoms with the same atomic number are atoms of the same element
# protons determines the identity of the element |
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number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
ALWAYS going to be a whole number |
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atoms of the same element with different mass numbers
atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons |
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| Time required for one-half of a radioactive sample to undergo radioactive decay |
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| When atoms bond, they either transfer electrons from one atom to another (ionic bonding) or they share electrons between two atoms (covalent bonding) |
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result from a transfer (loss or gain) of electrons from one atom to another.
typically exist between atoms of elements on opposite sides of the periodic table (a metal and a nonmetal) |
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| Unequal sharing of electrons |
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| geography for the periodical table of elements |
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Metals to the left (Ex: Calcium)
Non-metals to the right (Ex: Phosphorous)
Metalloids - on the “stair case” (Ex: Silicon) |
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| many little peices -> one big piece multible reactants-> one product element + element = compound |
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| one big peice -> many little pieces one reactant -> many products compound -> element + element |
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| ______ being moved an element reacts with a compound to form a different element and a different compound element + compound -> different element + different compound |
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| compound reacts with another compound to form two new compounds compouund + compound -> different compound + different compound |
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| particals or waves are realeased from an unstable nucleus some particles will transfor into the nucleus as well ALWAYS CHANGES THE ATOMIC NUMBER AND SOMETIMES THE MASS NUMBER |
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| 2 protons plus 2 nuetrons charge +2 mass = 4AMU slow only a few centimeters in air stopped by a piece of paper |
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| high speeds electrons fast almost no mass ( 1/1836AMU) stopped by clothing or a few mm or aluminum DO NOT USE LEAD AS PROTECTION |
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| electromagnetic waves pure energy no mass travles at the speed of light will penetrate skin and other tissues stopped by a few inches of lead or a several feet of concrete |
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heavy nuclei are split into two or more pieces
neutrons and energy is realeased |
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light nuclei are joined/combined at extream high temperatures
form heavier nuclei
lot of energy is released |
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| the number of electrons that are lost must equal the number of electrons gained |
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measure of h+ ions in the concentration
lower the number greater the h+ concentration number is
range from 1-14
less than 7 is an acid
7 is neutral
more than seven is a base |
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| substances that change color in solution in |
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have a definite shape and a definite volume
particles are packed together
vibration motion |
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have a definite volume
take shape of their container
molecules are less ordered
vibration and rotational motion |
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has an indefinite shape and volume
expand to fill their container
vibrational, rotational, and translational movement |
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| the process when a substance changes from one state to another ( temp does not change) |
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first ring has 2-e
second ring has 8-e
third has 18-e |
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