Term
| inferior extensor retinaculum(crural fascia), thin |
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Definition
| what is the fascia of the dorsum of the foot continuous with? is it thick or thin? |
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Term
| thick & fibrous, plantar aponeurosis |
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Definition
| fascia on the plantar surface is (thick/thin)? and has a special name, what is it? |
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Term
-holds parts of the foot together
-helps protect the plantar surface from injury
-helps support the longitudinal arches |
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Definition
| list the 3 functions of the plantar aponeurosis |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by inflammation of the plantar aponeurosis commonly resulting from running and high-impact aerobics |
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Term
| Passive dorsiflexion of the hallux (stretches the aponeurosis) |
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Definition
| how can you elicit pain in someone who has plantar fasciitis? |
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Term
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Definition
| if someone has plantar fasciitis and there is a calcaneal spur, what can develop and become inflammed & painful? |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| that's where the plantar aponeurosis attaches (associated with plantar fasciitis), sometimes can get one where the achilles tendon attaches |
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Definition
| why does a calcaneal spur develop? |
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Term
| the structures that form the lateral longitudinal arch (calcaneus + cuboid + metatarsals/phlanges of digits 4 & 5) |
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Definition
| what are/is the lateral rays? |
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Term
structures that form the medial longitudinal arch
(phalanges/metatarsals of digits 1-3 + cuneiforms + navicular + talus) |
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Definition
| what is/are the medial rays? |
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Term
| wedge shape of cuneiforms |
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Definition
| most important part of maintaining the transverse arch of the foot |
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Term
| flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus |
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Definition
| what two tendons support the longitudinal arch from above? |
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Term
| plantar aponeurosis, spring ligament, long and short plantar ligaments |
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Definition
| what ligaments support the medial longitudinal arch in quiet standing? |
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Term
| hell no, that's why that one professor dances all around when he gave lectures |
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Definition
| do you like to stand still if you have plantar fasciitis? |
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Term
| tibialis posterior, peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, short muscles |
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Definition
| in activity, what maintains the medial longitudinal arch? (4 things) |
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Term
deep peroneal, it passes under the inferior extensor retinaculum then remains relatively superficial on the dorsum of the foot
-pain between big toe and second toe |
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Definition
| what nerve can become entrapped with a ski boot, tight fitting shoe (roller skate), or tight running shoe? why? where would you have pain? |
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Term
| extensor digitorum brevis |
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Definition
| this muscle usually does not have a counterpart in the hand |
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Term
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Definition
| what muscle allows you to spread your toes and is well developed in sailors and people that have to balance with no shoes? |
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Term
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Definition
| what digit is the axis on the foot? |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
tight shoes with narrow toes -> move the big toe laterally, moving the base of metarsal 1 medially
this can cause the joint to rub the shoe and develop a painful bursa and/or
sesamoid bones that normally are on the bottom of the foot deviate into the space between metatarsals 1 and 2 = ouch and must be corrected by surgery |
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Definition
| what causes hallux valgus? |
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Term
| they help the flexor tendon bend the big toe downwards |
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Definition
| what do the lateral and medial sesamoid bones do when they are not causing hallux valgus? |
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Term
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Definition
| what muscle of the foot has 2 associated sesamoid bones? |
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Term
deformity of the toe, in which the end of the toe is bent downward (like mallet finger)
-Women who wear shoes that do not fit well or have high heels
-Children who keep wearing shoes they have outgrown
usually the second toe
has to do with the lumbricals -the muscles shorten after the toes being bent up |
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Definition
| what is hammer toe? what causes it? |
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Term
abductor hallucis
flexor digitorum brevis
abductor digiti minimi |
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Definition
| what muscles are in the first layer of muscle of the foot? |
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Term
| quadratus plantae, lumbricals |
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Definition
| what muscles are in the second layer of the foot? |
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Term
flexor hallucis brevis
adductor hallucis
flexor digiti minimi |
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Definition
| what muscles are in the third layer of the foot? |
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Term
| flexors are in the 3rd group so they are deeper |
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Definition
| on the plantar foot, are the abductors deeper or the flexors? |
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Term
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Definition
| how many plantar interossei are there? |
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Term
| 4 (remember 4-door, cars don't come in 3 door) |
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Definition
| how many dorsal interossei are there? |
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Term
extensor digitorum brevis
extensor hallucis brevis
dorsal interossei |
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Definition
| what muscles are found on the dorsum of the foot? |
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Term
| plantar/dorsal interossei |
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Definition
| what is in the fourth layer of muscles of the foot? |
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Term
| all of the first layer of foot muscles (AH, FDB, ADM) |
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Definition
| what originates off the calcaneal tuberosity? |
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Term
| anterior and posterior tibial |
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Definition
| which arteries is the arterial blood supply derived from? |
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Term
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Definition
| anterior tibial artery becomes what distal to the inferior extensor retinaculum? |
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Term
-arcuate artery
-deep plantar artery(joins plantar arch from above)
-lateral tarsal artery (anastomoses with arcuate arch) |
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Definition
| what does the dorsalis pedis divide into? |
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Term
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Definition
| what arteries come of the dorsal metatarsal arteries? |
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Term
| dorsal metatarsal arteries |
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Definition
| what arteries come off the arcuate arch? |
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Term
| lateral and medial plantar arteries (deep to abductor hallucis) |
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Definition
| what does the posterior tibial artery divide into? |
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Term
| medal and lateral plantar arteries |
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Definition
| what arteries create the plantar arch? |
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Term
| plantar metatarsals -> plantar digital |
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Definition
| what comes off the plantar arch? off that? |
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Term
| just lateral to extensor hallucis longus tendon (like middle of the dorsum of the foot) |
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Definition
| where do you take the pulse in the foot? |
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Term
between muscle layers 1 & 2 (superficial)
between muscle layers 3 & 4 (deep) |
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Definition
| where are the 2 neurovascular planes in the foot? |
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Term
| posterior to medial malleolus |
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Definition
| where does the tibial nerve divide into the medial and lateral plantar nerves? |
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Term
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Definition
| the medial nerve passes deep to the _____ ____ and runs anteriorly between it and flexor digitorum brevis |
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Term
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Definition
| supplies sensory to medial 3.5 digits, and motor to AH, FDB, FHB, and 1st lumbrical |
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Term
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Definition
| nerve that runs anteriorly between first and second layers of mucles |
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Term
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Definition
| supplies sensory to lateral 1.5 digits and motor to all short muscles not supplied by medial plantar n. |
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Term
| deep and superficial peroneal |
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Definition
| what nerves go down the dorsum of the foot? |
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Term
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Definition
| gap between the adductor magnus muscle and the femur that allows the passage of the femoral vessels from the posterior thigh to the popliteal fossa |
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Term
femoral artery and vein (become popliteal as they pass through)
saphenous branch of descending genicular artery and the saphenous nerve |
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Definition
| structures int he adductor hiatus (only two go THROUGH it) |
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Term
AFTER the bottom 4 inches of the femoral triangle(the femoral sheath)
laterally bordered by vastus medialis, medially by adductor magnus and longus, and the roof being the sartorius muscle
femoral artery, femoral vein, and branches of the femoral nerv
e (specifically, the saphenous nerve, and the nerve to the Vastus medialis) |
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Definition
| what is in the adductor canal? where is this? |
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Term
| distal (termination of canal = hiatus) |
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Definition
| where is the adductor hiatus in relation to the adductor canal? |
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Term
anterior: sartorius
posterior: adductor longus
medial: vastus intermedius |
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Definition
| borders of the adductor canal |
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Term
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Definition
| branch of popliteal artery that goes through IOM |
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Term
| lateral femoral cutaneous n. (or lateral cutaneous n to thigh) |
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Definition
| sensory on the lateral thigh is subject to parasthesia if wearing heavy belts etc and this nerve is entrapped |
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Term
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Definition
| posterior division of L2-L4 |
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Term
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Definition
| anterior division of L2-L4 |
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Term
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Definition
| , exits with psoas in anterior compartment then breaks into motor and sensory branches, does knee extension and hip flexion |
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Term
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Definition
| passes on the medial side of psoas major the exits through obturator foramen, innervates medial compartment of thigh (mostly motor adduction of thigh) |
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Term
| front of thigh, and medial, also medial leg = saphenous |
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Definition
| sensory area of femoral n. |
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Term
| 1/2 between femoral head and ischial tuberosity |
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Definition
| location of sciatic n. using markers? |
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Term
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Definition
| becomes tibial n. (muscles with ischial tuberosity origin) and common peroneal |
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Term
| name says it all, larges area of skin by a cutaneous n. branches from sacral plexus |
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Definition
| sensory area of posterior cutaneous nerve to thigh |
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Term
| lateral leg(common peroneal) + sole of foot (tibial) |
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Definition
| sciatic n. sensory distribution |
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Term
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Definition
| deep peroneal n sensory innervation |
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Term
| anterior talofibular ligament |
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Definition
| ligament most commonly injured in ankle sprains |
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Term
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Definition
| ankle injuries are usually (inversion/eversion)? |
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