Term
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Definition
| Indicates amount of potential energy in a food |
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Term
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Definition
| Tells you how many calories your body needs to function at rest |
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Term
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Definition
| Tells you how many calories you need daily. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Unsaturated fats
(also known to be healthier) |
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Definition
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Term
| When fats are ingested they are broken down into ___ and ___. Which are reassembled into ____? |
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Definition
| Glycerol and fatty acids which are then those two components are reassembled into tryiglycerols |
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Term
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Definition
1. Can enter the bloodstream
2. Can be absorbed by muscle cells or fat cells for STORAGE
3. Can be burned as "FUEL" |
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Term
| Why is a certain amount of fat in the body necessary and important? |
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Definition
1. Certain vitamins are available only through fat
2. Fatty acids can not be generated by the human body
3. Fatty acids can only come from foods.
4. Fat= ENERGY |
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Term
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Definition
1. Forms and maintains cell membrane
2. Helps formation of sexual hormones
3. Provides bile salts that help digestion
4. Is converted to Vitamin D when skin is exposed to sunlight. |
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Term
| Your liver and body cells produce how much cholesterol per day? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 85% is endogenous (made entirely from our body) |
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Term
Dietary cholesterol comes from ____?
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Definition
15 % comes from food!
Primarily from
MEATS
SEAFOOD
DAIRY |
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Term
| Why is cholesterol problematic in American diet? |
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Definition
| Because cholesterol is in all animal products and the average american consumes too much of it. |
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Term
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Definition
| carry cholesterol in the body, they are called apolipoprotiens |
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Term
| Apolipoproteins are necessary because? |
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Definition
| cholesterol and fats are NOT water soluble and DO NOT dissolve in blood. |
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Term
| Apolipoprogteins + Cholesterol= ___? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
LDL (Low density lipoprotein)= Main carrier of cholesterol in the blood/
TOO MUCH can lead to BLOCKED ARTERIES
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Term
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Definition
HDL (High density lipoprotein)
Doesn't block arteries
Helps clear arterial blockages |
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Term
Daily sodium requirement?
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Definition
500 mg for adults
should not exceed 2,400 mg |
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Term
| Sodium is important for what? |
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Definition
1. Actively transports substances across cell membranes.
2. Helps muscles and nerves function properly
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Term
| Excessive intake of sodium can lead to ___ and ____? |
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Definition
Hypertension and Edema (swelling of body tissue)
*Sodium is present in many processed foods. |
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Term
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Definition
| Provide the body with "FUEL" to perform daily activities. |
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Term
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Definition
Made up of WATER and CARBON
is the SIMPLEST carb.
is a MONOSACCHARIDE |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What do cells do to glucose? |
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Definition
Cells absorb glucose and convert it into ATP (ENERGY)
*ATP is the energy required to do cellular work |
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Term
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Definition
is a simple sugar
Also a MONOSACCHARIDE |
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Term
| Simple sugars can be ____? |
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Definition
| Absorbed into the bloodstream directly through the intestinal lining |
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Term
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Definition
Simple sugars containing TWO monosaccharides.
EX.: sucrose(table sugar)
+
lactose(sugar from milk) |
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Term
| Disaccharides must be ______ before they enter the bloodstream. |
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Definition
| They must be broken down into their monosaccharides by enzymes in the digestive system before they can enter the bloodstream |
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Term
| Complex Carbohydrates are known as ____? |
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Definition
STARCHES= Long chains of glucose molecules bonded together.
EX.: Wheat, rice, potatoes, and corn |
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Term
| What does dietary fiber refer to? |
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Definition
Refers to the items that our body cannot digest.
Helps bodily wastes pass through the colon more rapidly |
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Term
| Three fibers we eat daily are? |
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Definition
1. Cellulose
2. Hemicellulose
3. Pectin |
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Term
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Definition
1. complex carbohydrate
2. structural component found in PLANTS
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Term
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Definition
| Can be found in various grains such as WHEAT and BRAN |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Proteins are chains of ____?
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Building blocks of cells.
Our body consists of approx. 20 different amino acids. |
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Term
What are the two types of amino acids in our bodies? |
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Definition
1. ESSENTIAL amino acids
2. NON-ESSENTIAL amino acids |
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Term
| ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS CAN ONLY BE OBTAINED THROUGH ____? |
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Definition
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Term
| NON-ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS CAN BE CREATED FROM _____? |
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Definition
| OTHE CHEMICALS IN THE BODY |
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Term
| PROTEIN COMES FROM BOTH ____ AND ____? |
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Definition
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