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| isolates Spain and Portugal from the rest of Europe |
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Military fighter, fought for Spaniards and Moors;
when he finished reign, Isabella and Ferdinand took over and became a Catholic country
-best known for freeing Valencia |
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sailboats from the 15th century used to go to Northern Africa, very fast.
Sturdy vessels with lateen sails (triangular sails extended on a spar and flying from a rather low mast) |
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| Portuguese leader who sponsored voyages of exploration aboard caravels to very distant places |
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| Prince Henry the Navigator |
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| Portuguese navigator who led the first circumnavigation of the world from 1519 to 1522 but died in the Philippines during the trip |
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| Portuguese navigator who sailed around the Cape of Good Hope (southern tip of Africa) in 1488 |
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| Portuguese navigator who opened the trade routes to India in 1498 and 1502 |
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| Spanish explorer in Central America, particularly Mexico, in the 16th century |
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| distinctive Portuguese musical form of the blues sung to guitar accompaniment |
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| said to have come from the gypsys 1500s |
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| Spanish sheep products (sheep cheese) they're known for good food |
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| Narrow Channel that divides the city of Istanbul and also Europe from Asia |
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| this area has a rocky terrain, mountains, little rainfall and high temperatures |
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| Greece, Turkey and the Levant (Syria, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon) |
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| populated Greece before 1200 BC |
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| two strong holds in Greece, protected it from invaders but fought with each other. The Peloponnesian wars led to the demise |
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populated Greece 475BC the development of the classic culture of Greece;
Parthenon on the Acropolis |
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| in Greece after Macedonians |
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| ruled Greece for about 400 years, spread the Muslim faith |
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| 2 parts: Turkish and Greek |
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| 300+ islands and only 36 are inhabited |
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| produced, growing, living, or occurring naturally in a particular region or environment |
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wheat, corn rice
grapes and olives
citrus
sheep for dairy and meat |
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| Eastern part of the former Roman Empire, powerful for almost a millennium TURKEY |
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in Jerusalem where Jews go to pray
not all still stands; one of the most significant religious sites for Judaism |
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| how many crusades attempted to destroy Islamic crusades? |
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| Israel was established in |
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| Greek New Year's Vassilopita (rich sweet bread) has good luck coin, finder has good luck |
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| Greek celebration of the New Year |
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| Announcement of Gabriel telling Mary she was pregnant with Christ |
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| Feast of the Annunciation- Greece |
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| red-dyed eggs and lamb on a spit |
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huge dome church built by Byzantine Empire in Greece, when they were overthrown, they made it a mosque, now it has NO religious affiliations
thru 4 crusades |
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| citrus, sesame, bananas, olives, grapes and figs, cotton, tobacco |
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| Levant; Armenian cracker bread, very pliable when first made until cools off. Thin version of pita, without the pocket |
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| chickpeas, tahini, lemon juice, garlic, and olive oil- Levant |
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| paste of finely ground sesame seeds, sesame oil and lemon juice |
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| salad containing soaked bulgur (partially cooked and dried cracked wheat), minced parsley and mint, lemon juice, olive oil, and tomatoes, often times used as a salsa, very high in antioxidants- Levant |
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| phyllo, butter, honey, nuts- Levant |
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grape leaves and rice-veg
lamb-non veg; may be served hot or cold --Levant |
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| main dish consisting of many layers of phyllo, spinach and various ingredients according to taste -Levant |
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| Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia |
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| sheep, goats, camel, limited beef, pigeons |
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| home base for pigeons (this is how they are captured), an ingredient in bastila -North Africa |
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| 31 dynasties ruled before Alexander the Great in |
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conquered Egypt was easy b/c they thought he was a god;
founded Alexandria on the Mediterranean,
established the Ptolemy rulers |
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| When the Roman Empire was divided |
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| power shifted to Constantinople (official religion became Christianity) |
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| in Egypt, after Constantinople, |
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| Arabs (muslims) came in and took over |
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| ruled before Egypt became part of the Ottoman Empire |
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| Occupied by British for 50 years, returned to help drive out Germans and Italians, now rule themselves since WWII |
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| location of the Pharos Lighthouse in Alexandria |
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| came to Egypt in the 1600s, with the Arabs, religion of about 90% of Egyptians |
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| Islam, Christianity and Judaism |
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| pilgrimage taken by the Islamic people when they go, they paint the outsides of their homes with scenes from the trip |
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| early inhabitants of much of Libya and the Maghreb; noted as fierce fighter |
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| Berber dish, served with meat or veggie stew, Semolina is sprinkled with water and hand rolled to form small pellets |
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pigeon pie flavored with ginger, cumin, saffron, and cinnamon dusted w/ confectioner's sugar
doesn't use phyllo dough, use something thinner, originated from Fez, Morocco.
-N.Africa |
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| Moroccan food dish, lamb stew |
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| Mt. Cameroon erupted in 1922, which reached the Atlantic Ocean. Also erupted in 1982 which is when Tarzan was being filmed. Also erupted in 1999 and 2000- West Africa |
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| during high tide in the rainy season, 1/3 of the country can be flooded -West Africa |
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| Two long rivers West Africa |
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| spans across Africa, a broad band of land across W. Africa between the Sahara and the lush vegetation along the southern coast, many nomadic people |
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Transfer of livestock from one grazing ground to another, as from lowlands to highlands, with the changing of seasons
-Sahel (West Africa) |
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peanuts and their byproducts
palm oil, cocoa, kola nuts, coffee, bananas, sugar, pineapple |
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| West African food exports |
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| take children from these countries for the Chocolate Slave Trade |
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| sleeping sickness that limits livestock must get treatment within 6 months or you will die- West Africa |
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The process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture.
-current state for West Africa |
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island just off of the coast of Dakar, Senegal, from which vast numbers of slaves were shipped to the Americas and Caribbean Islands
almost no drinking water; Final Exit Point, House of Slaves
-West Africa |
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| talk about hares or spiders |
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rickster character in folktales of African, African-American, and Native American Culture
-West Africa |
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granular dried meal made by carefully soaking, fermenting, drying, and grinding cassava roots;
a main source of starch in the diet of many West Africans |
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| take yams and potatoes and mix them together. Ground up and mixed with water, becomes a ball. The Backbone of the West African diet |
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Lemon marinated meat
-West Africa |
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has to be processed soon after harvest b/c it is harvests its own poisons
-West Africa |
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Veg. stew of cassava, onions, and tomatoes
-West Africa |
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one pot, rice, tomatoes, and tomato paste, meat and veggies
-West Africa |
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Zulu, farmers
large group of Africans originally from west and central regions of Africa who spread east and south prior to colonial days |
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Boer who used oxen and covered wagons to make the Great Trek (inland migration)
-East and South Africa |
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| South African and Dutch who used oxen covered wagons to make this long trek inward |
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| a term used to describe Indians, Malays and offspring of interracial marriages |
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dried hard shell of a gourd suitable for holding liquids and foods
- S& E Africa |
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| name for cornmeal in South Africa |
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our version of pancakes, made of ancient grain, tef flour. Baked on a griddle on one side only
-E&S Africa |
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| Brahmaputra, Indus, Ganges |
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runs Tibet-India
used for irrigation and transportation
flooding
-India & Neighbs |
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runs thru India, Pakistan, Tibet
-India & Neighbs |
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holiest of rivers
basin-1,000 sq. miles
pollution (5th dirtiest city)
Runs through India and Bangladesh |
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| 28% of Indians, Southern India, short dark-skinned people, within the last decade have tried to share that they are also light-skinned |
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72% of Indians
1500 BC from Iran and Southern Russia
brought the caste system with them |
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twice born groups;
Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya |
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| best of the best in Caste system |
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| ruler, warriors land owners in caste system |
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| merchants in caste system |
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| mound-like structure, Buddhist relics, some houses of Worship |
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| Took 20 years to build; "the jewel", built and named after a woman |
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| descendants of Aryans in Sri Lanka |
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| descendants of Chola and other early Indian invaders of Sri Lanka |
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4th largest producer of tea
James Taylor
1 mill people employed by the biz
ceylon-white, green, black |
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reflect the religion of the people
variety of spices and seasonings |
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| India, Sri Lanka, Neighbors food patterns |
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blend of spices;
key component of curry, mixture of spices that are ground into a paste
-India & Neighbs |
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hearty and well-seasoned, stew-like dish featuring meat or legumes and served with several accompainments
Turmeric, Coriander, and Cumin and other spices |
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| chunky, flavorful sauce often serves as accompaniment to curry |
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thick-walled, deep jar-shaped clay oven used for roasting meats and baking naan
-India & Neighbs |
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leavened w/ baking soda and baking powder, yeast
oven-baked flatbread
tandoor or clay oven
-India and Neighbs |
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soup with chicken or lamb, curry, rice, cream/coconut milk, lemon
-India/Neighbs |
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triangular appetizer, savory pastry, veggie or meat filling, served with chutney
-India/Neighbs |
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