Term
| What is the purpose of the skin? |
|
Definition
-protective barrier, aids in thermoregulation
-astcs as a sensory gland |
|
|
Term
| What is special about sheep skin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is special about goat skin? |
|
Definition
-wattles
-sebaceous scent glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -destroy scent glands in male kids at time of disbudding |
|
|
Term
| What are the common diagnostics in food animal derm cases? |
|
Definition
-skin scraping
-fungal culture
-bacterial culture
-impression smear
-histopath |
|
|
Term
| What are the common names for contagious ecthyma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of virus is responsible for contagious ecthyma? What animals are affected? |
|
Definition
-parapoxvirus
-sheep, goats, ZOONOTIC |
|
|
Term
| Describe the morbidity of contagious ecthyma. The mortality? |
|
Definition
-Morbidity: 0-100%
-Mortality: less than 1% |
|
|
Term
| How is contagious ecthyma transmitted? |
|
Definition
-direct and indirect
-can live in the environment for years |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of contagious ecthyma? |
|
Definition
| -crusty proliferations at mucocutaneous junctions |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose contagious ecthyma? How do we treat it? |
|
Definition
-clinical signs or skin biopsy (histopath)
-self limiting but can scrub with iodine |
|
|
Term
| How do we prevent contaigous ecthyma? |
|
Definition
-closed herd or quarantine incoming animals
-vaccination |
|
|
Term
| What is the etiology of bovine herpes mammillitis? |
|
Definition
| -Bovine Herpes Virus Type 2 |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of bovine herpes mammallitis? |
|
Definition
-vasicles => ulceration => necrosis & sloughing
-teat > udder, oral cavity, skin
-inc incidence of mastitis |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose bovine herpes mammillitis? |
|
Definition
-virus isolaiton
-biopsy (histopath) |
|
|
Term
| How do we treat Bovine herpes mammillitis? |
|
Definition
-segregation
-hygiene during milking
-milk last
-topical antibiotic ointments |
|
|
Term
| What is the etiology os pseudocowpox? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of pseudocowpox? |
|
Definition
-teat>>> udder, scrotum
-papuls and horseshoe shaped scabs |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose pseudocowpox? How do we treat it? |
|
Definition
-clinical appearance
-no treatment, just use teat dips |
|
|
Term
| What is the etiology of papillomatosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Outline the prevelence of papillomatosis in the affected species. |
|
Definition
-cow >>> goat > sheep
-young < 2y |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of papillomatosis? |
|
Definition
-white/tan/grey firm protruding masses with dry horn-like surface
-single or multiple various sizes
-location: head, neck >> teats, penis, GI tract |
|
|
Term
| How do we treat papillomatosis? |
|
Definition
-regress spontaneously
-longer = immuosuppression |
|
|
Term
| How id papillomatosis transmitted? |
|
Definition
-direct contact
-indirect contact |
|
|
Term
| How is papillomatosis treated other than natural regression? |
|
Definition
-small warts are removed surgically
-large warts are debulked, cryotherapy, CO2 laser |
|
|
Term
| Describe the prevention/control of papillomatosis. |
|
Definition
-isolate affected animals and dec fomite transmission
-vaccination |
|
|
Term
| What are the common names for dermatophilosis? |
|
Definition
-Rain scald
-LUmpy wool
-strawberry foot rot |
|
|
Term
| What is the etiology behind dermatophilosis? |
|
Definition
| -Dermatophilus congolensis |
|
|
Term
| What 3 conditions are required for clinical dermatophilosis? |
|
Definition
| -carrier animal, moisture, skin abrasions |
|
|
Term
| How is dermatophilus transmitted? |
|
Definition
-directly via carrier animals
-indirectly via insects/environmnet |
|
|
Term
| What are the main predisposing factors to dermatophilosis? |
|
Definition
-areas with inc rainfall
-seasonality: fall and winter |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of dermatophilosis? |
|
Definition
-dermatitis with skin crusts and matted hair
-dorsum,muzzle, ears, distal extremities |
|
|
Term
| How is dermatophilosus diagnosed? |
|
Definition
| -impression smear + gram stain with railroad tracks |
|
|
Term
| How do we treat dermatophilosis? |
|
Definition
-remove from wet conditions and isolate
-wash with lime sulfer and dry
-systemic antibiotics |
|
|
Term
| What is the common name for exudative epidermitis? What is the etiology? |
|
Definition
-Greasy pig disease
-Staphylococcus hyicus |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of exudative epidermitis? What age? |
|
Definition
-red, thickened skin with greasy brown exudate
-piglets < 6 weeks >>> adult |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for exudative epidermitis? How do we control it? |
|
Definition
-systemic antibiotic and bath
-can't |
|
|
Term
| What is the etiology of dermatophytosis? |
|
Definition
| -Trichophyton verrucosumm >>> T. mentagrophytes |
|
|
Term
| How is dermatophytosis transmitted? |
|
Definition
-direct contact
-indirect
-ZOONOTIC |
|
|
Term
| What is the incubation period of dermatophytosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the predisposing factors of dermatophytosis? |
|
Definition
-age: young > old
-no immunity
-environment: crowding, hot/humid weather, kept indoors
-poor nutrition |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of dermatophytosis? |
|
Definition
-head, ears, neck >>> rest of body
-multifocal, circular, alopecic, thickened skin
-sometimes mild pruritus
-self limiting |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose dermatophytosis? |
|
Definition
-clinical appearance
-scrape margins and do KOH diect microscopic exam or fungal culture |
|
|
Term
| How do we treat dermatophytosis? |
|
Definition
-isolate, inc exposure to sunlight
-topicals: lime sulfer dip, shanpoo with antifungals, etc
-Systemic: sodium iodid IV
-environmental lime sulfur and bleach |
|
|
Term
| What is the etiology of pediculosis? |
|
Definition
| -highly host-specific lice |
|
|
Term
| In which season do we mostly see lice? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is pediculosis transmitted? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clincial signs of pediculosis? |
|
Definition
-pruritus, restlessness
-result of self trauma: patchy alopecia, excoriations
-rough hair coat
-chronic cases: pale MM, wt loss, inc risk for hairballs |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose pediculosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do we treat pediculosis? |
|
Definition
-systemic: macrocyclic lactones
-topical: permethrin, pyrethroids, organophosphates |
|
|
Term
| In regards to pediculosis, who do we treat? |
|
Definition
| -infested animals AND ALL contact animals |
|
|
Term
| What is the common name for chorioptic mange? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the etiology of chorioptic mange? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the seasonalty of chorioptic mange? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is chorioptic mange transmitted? |
|
Definition
-direct contact
-indirect |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of chorioptic mange? |
|
Definition
| -pruritus and small crusty scabs with wounds from self trauma |
|
|
Term
| What are the predilection sites for each affected species with chorioptic mange? |
|
Definition
-Bo: dstal limbs, base of udder, scrotum, perineum, teal
-Ov: distal limbs, scrtum
-Cap: distal limbs |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose chorioptic mange? |
|
Definition
| -skin scrapings with KOH for microscopic exam |
|
|
Term
| How do we treat chorioptic mange? |
|
Definition
-Systemic: macrocyclic lactones
-Topical: permethrin, synthetic pyrethroids, organophosphates |
|
|
Term
| Which animals should we treat for chorioptic mange? |
|
Definition
-infected animals, ALL contact animals
-contaminated environment and equipment |
|
|
Term
| What mange is most common in large animals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the common name for psoroptic mange? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the etiology of psoroptic mange? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the seasonality of psoroptic mange? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is psoroptic mange transmitted? |
|
Definition
-direct contact
-indirect transmission |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of psoroptic mange? |
|
Definition
-infense pruritus and crustad papular lesions iwht self trauma
-weight loss and secondary bacterial infections |
|
|
Term
| What are the predilection sites for psoroptic mange? |
|
Definition
| -withers, neck, ears => trunk => whole body |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose psoroptic mange? |
|
Definition
| -KOH for microscopic exam |
|
|
Term
| What is the common name for sarcoptic mange? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the etiology of sarcoptic mange? |
|
Definition
-Sarcopties scabiei
-burrowing mites |
|
|
Term
| What is the seasonality of sarcoptic mange? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is sarcoptic mange transmitted? |
|
Definition
-direct contact
-indirect transmission
-ZOONOTIC |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of sarcoptic mange? |
|
Definition
-severe pruritus, red papules withscaling and cursting and self trauma
anorexia, weight loss |
|
|
Term
| What are the predilection sites of sarcoptic mange?- |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do diagnose sarcoptic mange? |
|
Definition
| -deep skin scrapings for KOH prep |
|
|
Term
| What is the etiology of demodectic mange? |
|
Definition
-Demodex spp
-mties that live in hair follicles and sebaceous sweat glands |
|
|
Term
| How is demodectic mange transmitted? |
|
Definition
| -direct contact and indirect during late winter/early sprnge |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of demodectic mange? |
|
Definition
| -pruitus, nodules/pustules on face, neck, and shoulders |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose demodectic mange? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the etiology of stephanofilariasis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is stephanofilariasis transmitted? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of stephanofilariasis? |
|
Definition
| -ventral midline dermatitis in cattle |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose stephanofilariasis |
|
Definition
| -clinical signs mostly or deep skin scraping |
|
|
Term
| How do we treat stephanofilariasis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common bovine ocular tumor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the etiolgoy behind squamous cell carcinomas? |
|
Definition
| -UV radiation and lack of pigment |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs behind malignant squamous cell carcinoma? |
|
Definition
-raised, broad-based white to pink
-cobbler or cauliflower appearance
-become necrotic as tumor outgrows blodo supply |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose squamous cell carcinomas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do we treat squamous cell carcinomas? |
|
Definition
-surgical excision
-cryosurgery
-radiofrequency hyperthermia
-CO2 laser ablation |
|
|
Term
| What age of cattle is predisposed to cutaneous lymphoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of cutaneous lymphoma? |
|
Definition
| -multifocal, raised, alopecic, ulcerated to necrotic intracutaneous nodules |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose cutaneous lymphoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the alternative name for zinc defiency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the etiology behind parakeratosis? |
|
Definition
-Primary: low dietary Zn intake
-Secondary: diet of immature grass or late-cut hay or high sulfur content |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of zinc defiency? |
|
Definition
-parakeratosis, alopecia in wrinked and fissured skin
-poor growth, stiff gait, dec fertility |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose zinc deficiency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do we treat zinc deficiency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does the hair coat of bovines and ovines change with copper deficiency? |
|
Definition
-Bo: rough, bleaching of color especially around the eye
0Ov: limp, glossy uncrimped wool |
|
|
Term
| What happens with Selenium toxicity? |
|
Definition
|
|
