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Nine General First Aid Rules |
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Get organized
Preliminary examination
ABC's
Examine
Remove enough clothing to get job done
Reassure victim
Avoid touching open wounds
Lie victim
Always carrie Pt feet first |
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French word meaning to sort |
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Sorting for Tactical
WIDE |
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Rapid initial assessment to detect and treat life- threatening conditions |
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A complete and detailed assessment consistingof a subjective intertview and an objective examination |
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Airway
Breathing
Circulaton
Disability
Expose |
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A judgment about the severity of the patients condition for evacuation |
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Signs and symptoms of shock |
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Glassy or dull eyes puplis may be dilated
Skin may be pale or ashen gray lips may be cyanotic
Cool or clamy skin
Pulse tends to become weak and thready
Blood pressure lowered
Nausea / Vomiting
Surface veins may collapse
Kidneys may shut down |
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The best way to control Bleeding |
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A point on the body where a artery is close to the surface of the skin and over a bone
11 on each side |
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A constricting band that is used to cut off the supply of blood to an injured limb
Use only as a last resort |
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Could have brain damage never give medications lay victim flat do not rais feet do not apply direct pressure |
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Moniter ABC's keep tongue out of airway position victim so they dont choke on blood or vomit
If eye injury place dry sterile compress over both eyes keep victim lying down |
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Sucking chest wound
Emmediately seal the wound with a hand or airtight material
Firmly tape the material in place with strips of adhesive tape then pressure dressing
if condition suddenly deteriorates when you apply the seal remove it immediately
Give oxygen
Place in fowlers or semi fowlers position
Dont give any thing to drink
Transport |
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Do not attempt to push the intestines back in or manipulate them in any way
Keep victim in a supine position
Keep nees up
Moist compress
Bandage should be firm but dont apply any more pressure that is necessary
Treat for shock
Dont give any thing to drink
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Open wound in the tissue of the skin
Bone breaks through |
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Apply well paded splint on each side of bone
splint should extend from elbow to wrist
sling and swath place arm 4 inches above elbow thumb turned inward
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Secure arm to the body
The splint should extend from the shoulder to the elbow
support forearm with a narrow sling |
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The outside splint should extend from the armpit to the foot
The inside splint should extend from the crotch to the foot
Fasten in five places
Around ancle
Over the knee
Just below the hip
Around the pelvis
Just below the armpit |
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Apply three splints
One on each side and one under leg
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Shoulder is lower then injured one
Sling and swathe
Place the forearm across the chest palm raised avout 4 inches aboce teh level of the elbow a figure eight bandage may be used also |
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Place the arm of the injured side aganst the chest with the palm flat thumb up and the forearm raised to a 45 degree angle immoblize the chest using wide strips of bandage to secure arm to chest
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The epidermal layer is irritated reddined and tingling |
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Epidermal blisters mttled apperance and a red base
Damage extends into gut not through teh dermis
Recovery usually takes 2 to 3 weeks |
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Full thickness injury penetration into muscle and fatty connective tissurs or evan down to the bone
Blood may be present in urine |
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Maintain open airway
Control hemorrhage treat for shock
remove constricting jewlery and articles of clothing
Protect burn area from contamination
Do not remove clothing adhering to a wound
Electrolyte solution (LR)
Relieve pain with asprin
Cool wet compress |
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Excessive sweating
painful cramps in the musles of abdomen legs and arms
Move victim to cool place give cool water and massage area |
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The most common condition caused by working or exercising in hot environments
Weakness dizziness headache nausea and loss of appetite
Signs: ashen gray cool moist clammy skin puplis dilated
Move victim to cool or air conditioned anr loosen clothing apply cool wet cloths to head gice a solution of 1 teaspoon of salt dissolved in a liter of cool water
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20 % mortality rate
105F 41C temp
Victim will be hot and dry loss of sweat pupils constricted puls will be fast and strong
Cool victim immediatley by dousing the body with cold water or by applying wet cold towels to the body remove victim to a cool place
place cold packs to armpits and groin expose victim to fan or air conditioner immersing victim in a cold water bath and give cool water to drink
Discontinue cooling when rectal temp reaches
102F check temp every 10 Min |
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General cooling of the whole body caused by Continued exposure to low or rapidly falling temp
First symptom is shivering
Death occures when the temp of the body reaches 8F
Rewarm as soon as possible
Immersion in a tub of warm 100 105 degree water
apply external heat to both sids of victim
Give warm non alcholic beverages
Do not allow victim to smoke
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Results from prolonged exposure to wet cold tempratures randing from just abocve freezing to 5 degrees F
Remove wet clothing expose area to warm dry air
Do not rupture bliters or apply salves and ointments |
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ice crystals form in the skin or deeper tissues after exposure to 32 degrees For lower |
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Surface of the kin will feel hard but underlying tissue will be soft allowing it to move over bony ridges
Remove victim from cold warm by immersion in warm water put hand s under armpits against abdomen or between or skin to skin contact
Never rub frostbite |
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Freezing reaches into the deep tissue layers
ice crystals in the entire thickness of eztremity skin will not move over bony ridges
Rapidly thaw affected area unless there is a chance of refreezing
Remove all constricting clothing
Rapidly rewarm frozen aresas by immersion in water at 100 degrees F to 105 Degrees F
Pat Victim dry with a soft cloth
Keep skin dry sterile dressing asnd plave cotton beteen the toes and fingers to prevent sticking |
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Water pureification iodine tablets |
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fill canteen with cleanist water avilable
Put one tab in for clean water two for clowdy
Replace cap wait 5 min
Loosen cap and tip canteen over allowing leakage around threads
Tighten cap and wait 25 min
Total of 30 Min |
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Water pureification Calcium hypochlorite |
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Fill canteen with cleanest water avalible leaving one inch air space
fill a canteen fup half full of water and add calcium hypochlorite form on amp stir with clean stick until powder is dissolved
fill cap of canteen half full of solution
add to canteen
Place cap on and shake thorughly
loosen cap invert let water leak onto the threads
thigten cap wait 30 min |
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Water purification Boiling the water |
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Use as last resort
need fuel to boil water
water can take a long time to boil and then cool
Protect against recontamination
water must be held at boiling temp for 15 sec to make it safe for drinking |
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1 foot wide 1 foot deep
used when on the move |
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4 foot long 2 1/2 wide and 1 foot wide
Used for 1 to 3 days bivouac sites |
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Casualty over your sholders |
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Casualty arm around your neck useing you as a crutch to walk |
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Lift casualty from ground like firemans carry carry casualty high to lessen fatigue |
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Casualty arms around your neck lift casualty place hands beneath hes or her thigs |
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Hoist casualty as high on your back as possible so that all his or her weight is resting on your back |
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Link two pistol belt to form a sling |
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Poncho
Two shirts or jackets |
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