Shared Flashcard Set

Details

fm cases
cases 31, 32, 33
38
Biology
Graduate
01/26/2011

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Risk factors for CAD
Definition
Diabetes, HTN, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, tobacco use, abnormal lipid levels. Older age (men over 45, women over 55), male gender, and family history.
Term
Ways to slow progression of CAD
Definition
ACEi, control BP (less than 130/80 for diabetics), prophalaxis with aspirin, use a statin
Term
Symptoms of heart failure
Definition
PND, orthopnea, pedal edema, dyspnea on exertion, fatigue
Term
Signs of heart failure on PE
Definition
rales in lung bases, dullness to percussion, JVD, laterally displaced PMI, S3, hepato-jugular reflux
Term
Etiologies of new onset CHF
Definition
acute MI, arrhythmias, CAD (ischemic cardiomyopathy), non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, uncontrolled HTN/diastolic dysfunction, valvular disease
Term
Non adherence to HTN medications makes what type of heart failure most likely?
Definition
HTN/diastolic dysfunction
Term
Lab studies to order to evaluate a patient with new onset CHF
Definition
CXR, EKG, echo, BNP levels (to differentiate between cardiac and non-cardiac conditions in patients with dyspnea)
Term
Best option for management of a patient coming into your outpatient office with a new onset CHF and possible ischemia on EKG?
Definition
send them to the ER
Term
Findings on CXR of a CHF patient?
Definition
Cardiomegaly, central vascular congestion and hilar fullness, pleural effusions, cephalaization of pulm vasculature (pulm vessels seen in upper lung fields when you don’t normally see them there), kerley B lines (represent interstitial fluid in the lung tissue)
Term
What does 2 D echo measure?
Definition
size of the chambers, the thickness of the walls, and the size of the cavity, evaluates movements of heart structures
Term
What does Doppler assess?
Definition
Blood flow (direction and velocity)
Term
Medications used to manage systolic heart failure
Definition
ACE, ARBs, Digoxin, loop diuretics, metoprolol. DON’T use: CCBs, thiozoladindiones (rosiglitazone and pioglitazone)
Term
Difference between systolic and diastolic HF?
Definition
Systolic is EF less than 45%
Term
Medications used to manage diastolic HF?
Definition
Diuretics, BB or CCB. Continue ACE, statins and aspirin as needed.
Term
Difference between primary and secondary dysmenorrhea?
Definition
Primary- painful menses without pelvic pathology. Secondary- WITH pelvic pathology
Term
Risk factors for primary dysmenorrhea?
Definition
Depression/anxiety, smoking. Also can get this with anovulatory cycles in teens/twenties
Term
Which of the following are normal PE findings in a non pregnany woman? 12wk size uterus, a nonmobile uterus, mildly tender ovaries, nabothian cysts on cervix, vaginal discharge
Definition
only 12 wk uterus and non mobile uterus are NOT normal.
Term
What is metrorrhagia?
Definition
Irregular, frequent bleeding. But does not have to be heavy.
Term
When does PMS occur?
Definition
Second half of a woman’s cycle
Term
Differential for dysmenorrhea?
Definition
Adenomyosis, cervical stenosis, chronic PID, endometriosis, fibroids, ovarian cysts. NOT: IBD, IBS, psychiatric problems, uterine polyps
Term
S/S of leiomyomas:
Definition
dysmenorrhea, increased urinary frequency, infertility, menorrhagia, large uterus
Term
Is PID pain related to the menstrual cycle?
Definition
NO. abd pain can happen at any time.
Term
What is adenomyosis?
Definition
presence of ectopic glandular tissue found in muscle
Term
How can you differentiate women with leiomyoma vs. endometriosis?
Definition
Leiomyomas don’t cause dyspareunia while endometriosis does.
Term
When does pain from ovarian cysts present?
Definition
Midcycle (or can be associated with menses) because related to ovulation
Term
Labs and radiologic studies for an older F presenting with dysmenorrhea?
Definition
CBC (for anemia), HCG ( for pregnancy), pelvic ultrasound, TSH
Term
At what age do you stop treating otitis media with antibiotics?
Definition
2 months
Term
Characteristic of influenza?
Definition
Fever, myalgia, sore throat
Term
How is syncope different from presyncope?
Definition
Syncope = temporary LOC, fainting/passing out vs. presyncope = feeling light headed or faint (not actually passing out)
Term
Difference between disequilibrium and vertigo?
Definition
Disequilibrium = feeling of being off balance vs. vertigo = room spinning
Term
Etiologies of presyncope?
Definition
Mi, anemia, Afib, thryotoxicosis, bradyarrythmias
Term
Diff diagnosis of vertigo?
Definition
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), cerebellar stroke, meniere’s disease, TIA, vestibular migrane, vestibular neuritis.
Term
How can you differentiate between central and peripheral causes of vertigo?
Definition
Peripheral produces a unidirectional nystagmus that does not change direction and is inhibited by fixation.
Term
Constellation of vertigo, hearing loss and tinnitis makes you think of what peripheral lesion causing vertigo?
Definition
Miniere’s disease
Term
Short burst of positional vertigo makes you think of what peripheral lesion?
Definition
BPPV
Term
Vertigo unrelated to position with sign of a peripheral lesion, norm neurological exam and symptom onset shortly after upper URI makes you think of diagnosis?
Definition
Vestibular neuritis
Term
Tx for peripheral vertigo?
Definition
Diuretics, epley maneuvers, vestibular rehab exercises, vestibular suppressant medications (anti cholinergics or anti emetics)
Supporting users have an ad free experience!