Term
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Definition
Diabetes, HTN, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, tobacco use, abnormal lipid levels. Older age (men over 45, women over 55), male gender, and family history. |
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Term
Ways to slow progression of CAD |
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Definition
ACEi, control BP (less than 130/80 for diabetics), prophalaxis with aspirin, use a statin |
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Term
Symptoms of heart failure |
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Definition
PND, orthopnea, pedal edema, dyspnea on exertion, fatigue |
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Term
Signs of heart failure on PE |
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Definition
rales in lung bases, dullness to percussion, JVD, laterally displaced PMI, S3, hepato-jugular reflux |
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Term
Etiologies of new onset CHF |
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Definition
acute MI, arrhythmias, CAD (ischemic cardiomyopathy), non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, uncontrolled HTN/diastolic dysfunction, valvular disease |
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Term
Non adherence to HTN medications makes what type of heart failure most likely? |
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Definition
HTN/diastolic dysfunction |
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Term
Lab studies to order to evaluate a patient with new onset CHF |
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Definition
CXR, EKG, echo, BNP levels (to differentiate between cardiac and non-cardiac conditions in patients with dyspnea) |
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Term
Best option for management of a patient coming into your outpatient office with a new onset CHF and possible ischemia on EKG? |
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Definition
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Term
Findings on CXR of a CHF patient? |
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Definition
Cardiomegaly, central vascular congestion and hilar fullness, pleural effusions, cephalaization of pulm vasculature (pulm vessels seen in upper lung fields when you don’t normally see them there), kerley B lines (represent interstitial fluid in the lung tissue) |
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Term
What does 2 D echo measure? |
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Definition
size of the chambers, the thickness of the walls, and the size of the cavity, evaluates movements of heart structures |
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Term
What does Doppler assess? |
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Definition
Blood flow (direction and velocity) |
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Term
Medications used to manage systolic heart failure |
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Definition
ACE, ARBs, Digoxin, loop diuretics, metoprolol. DON’T use: CCBs, thiozoladindiones (rosiglitazone and pioglitazone) |
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Term
Difference between systolic and diastolic HF? |
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Definition
Systolic is EF less than 45% |
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Term
Medications used to manage diastolic HF? |
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Definition
Diuretics, BB or CCB. Continue ACE, statins and aspirin as needed. |
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Term
Difference between primary and secondary dysmenorrhea? |
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Definition
Primary- painful menses without pelvic pathology. Secondary- WITH pelvic pathology |
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Term
Risk factors for primary dysmenorrhea? |
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Definition
Depression/anxiety, smoking. Also can get this with anovulatory cycles in teens/twenties |
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Term
Which of the following are normal PE findings in a non pregnany woman? 12wk size uterus, a nonmobile uterus, mildly tender ovaries, nabothian cysts on cervix, vaginal discharge |
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Definition
only 12 wk uterus and non mobile uterus are NOT normal. |
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Term
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Definition
Irregular, frequent bleeding. But does not have to be heavy. |
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Term
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Definition
Second half of a woman’s cycle |
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Term
Differential for dysmenorrhea? |
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Definition
Adenomyosis, cervical stenosis, chronic PID, endometriosis, fibroids, ovarian cysts. NOT: IBD, IBS, psychiatric problems, uterine polyps |
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Term
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Definition
dysmenorrhea, increased urinary frequency, infertility, menorrhagia, large uterus |
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Term
Is PID pain related to the menstrual cycle? |
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Definition
NO. abd pain can happen at any time. |
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Term
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Definition
presence of ectopic glandular tissue found in muscle |
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Term
How can you differentiate women with leiomyoma vs. endometriosis? |
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Definition
Leiomyomas don’t cause dyspareunia while endometriosis does. |
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Term
When does pain from ovarian cysts present? |
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Definition
Midcycle (or can be associated with menses) because related to ovulation |
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Term
Labs and radiologic studies for an older F presenting with dysmenorrhea? |
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Definition
CBC (for anemia), HCG ( for pregnancy), pelvic ultrasound, TSH |
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Term
At what age do you stop treating otitis media with antibiotics? |
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Definition
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Term
Characteristic of influenza? |
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Definition
Fever, myalgia, sore throat |
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Term
How is syncope different from presyncope? |
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Definition
Syncope = temporary LOC, fainting/passing out vs. presyncope = feeling light headed or faint (not actually passing out) |
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Term
Difference between disequilibrium and vertigo? |
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Definition
Disequilibrium = feeling of being off balance vs. vertigo = room spinning |
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Term
Etiologies of presyncope? |
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Definition
Mi, anemia, Afib, thryotoxicosis, bradyarrythmias |
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Term
Diff diagnosis of vertigo? |
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Definition
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), cerebellar stroke, meniere’s disease, TIA, vestibular migrane, vestibular neuritis. |
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Term
How can you differentiate between central and peripheral causes of vertigo? |
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Definition
Peripheral produces a unidirectional nystagmus that does not change direction and is inhibited by fixation. |
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Term
Constellation of vertigo, hearing loss and tinnitis makes you think of what peripheral lesion causing vertigo? |
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Definition
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Term
Short burst of positional vertigo makes you think of what peripheral lesion? |
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Definition
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Term
Vertigo unrelated to position with sign of a peripheral lesion, norm neurological exam and symptom onset shortly after upper URI makes you think of diagnosis? |
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Definition
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Term
Tx for peripheral vertigo? |
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Definition
Diuretics, epley maneuvers, vestibular rehab exercises, vestibular suppressant medications (anti cholinergics or anti emetics) |
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