Term
|
Definition
Meds &Meals
Osmotic diuretics
DI
Excessive H2O loss
Low H2O intake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fever, flush skin
Restless (irritation & confusion)
Increased fluid retention & ^ BP
Edema (peripheral & pitting)
Decreased urine, dry mouth, ^ thirst |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Provide fluids
Administer sodium free isotonic fluids (D5W) & diuretics (Lasix)
Treat underlying cause |
|
|
Term
Cause of HyperPHO
SACC HIM |
|
Definition
Sickle Cell Anemia
Acute kidney injury
Chronic Kidney disease
Chemo for leukemia/lymphoma
Hypoparathyroidism
Increased intake of vitamin D
Milk/phosphate containing laxatives |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Calcification
Anorexia, nausea, vomiting
Nervousness, irritability & apprehension
Tetany & twitching (hands & feet)
Tachycardia, dysrhythmia, conduction problems
Tingling, numbness & cramps |
|
|
Term
Treatment of HyperPHO
RHHIP |
|
Definition
Restrict foods/fluids
Hydration (hypocalcemia)
Hemodialysis, IV insulin/ glucose
Identify/Treat cause
Phosphate binding agents (Calcium carbonate)
*Rengel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fluid overload
IV (Na free & hyPOtonic)
Dilutional (ADA, SIADH, HF)
Aggressive diuretic
GI drainage
Excessive sweating |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Seizures
Headache
Irritability
Coma
Confusion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fluid restriction> water excess
HyPOtonic (3% NS)- severe (seizures)
Fluid replacement w/ Na & drug to block ADH (abnormal fluid loss) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Resp Alkalosis
Alcohol withdrawal
Malnourishment/malabsorption
Phosphate binding antacids
Parenteral nutrition w/ inadequate replacement
DKA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CNS depression (confusion &coma)
Rhabdomyolysis Osteomalacia Muscle weakness (respiratory)
Polyneuropathy (seizure)
Dysrhythmia (decreased stroke volume) |
|
|
Term
Treatment of HyPO(PHO)
MILD-SEVERE |
|
Definition
Mild-Moderate
Neutra-Phos & food high in phosphorus
Severe (symptomatic)- IV sodium or potassium phosphate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Meds-ACE inhibitors, NSAIDs
Acidosis-Metabolic & resp
Cellular Destruction- burns, trauma
Hyperaldosteronism (Addison’s)-Hemolysis
Intake- Excessive
Nephrons- Renal Failure **
Excretion-Impaired |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Muscle weakness
Urine, Oliguria, Anuria
Resp distress
Decreased cardiac contractility
ECG changes
Reflexes> hyper or areflexia (flaccid) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Administer IV calcium- Decrease cardiac toxicity
Increased excretion-stool (kayexlate) & urine (diuretic)
Remove sources of potassium
Enhance potassium ^ take into cells- insulin, glucose, sodium bicarb, beta adrenergic
Dialysis-Emergency response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
DKA
Increased intake (Maalox & Milk of mag w/ renal problems
Tumor lysis syndrome
IV mag sulfate for Eclampsia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lethargy (profound)
EKG changes
Tendon reflexes absent
Hypotension
Arrhythmias (bradycardia, heart blocks)
GI issues
Impaired breathing
Cardiac arrest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dialysis
IV CaCl or calcium gluconate
IV furosemide (urinary excretion)
Prevention |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Mg deficiency
Metabolic Alkalosis (shift in for H+)
Increased loss by kidneys &GI **
Increased shift from ECF to ICF (insulin)
Dietary Deficient (rare) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lethargy
Leg cramps
Low, shallow resp
Lethal cardiac dysrhythmia
Lots of urine
Low GI Motility
Limp muscles
*Impaired arteriolar flow & hyperglycemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Oral/IV KCI (10mEq/hr by infusion)
Increased dietary intake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Limited Mg intake (starvation/ fasting)
Other electrolyte imbalances (HyPOK & HyPOC)
Wasting Mg
(Diuretic)
Malabsorption (Parenteral)
Alcoholism
Glycemic issues (DKA & increased glucose) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Muscle cramps
Seizure
Way ^ HR, ^BP
Insomnia
Tremors
Confusion & corresponding w/ HyPOC &HyPOK
Hyper DTR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Increase dietary intake
Treat underlying cause
Oral supplements
Parenteral IV/ IM Mg sulfate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hyperparathyroidism (2/3)
Prolonged immobilization
Vitamin D overdose Malignancy (Myeloma, breast, lungs & kidneys) |
|
|
Term
S/S of HyperC
GOANS, MOANS, BONES, STONES, & OVERTONES |
|
Definition
Groans-constipation
Moans- Joint pain
Bones- loss of calcium
Stones-Kidneys
Overtones- psychiatric, confusion, depression |
|
|
Term
Treatment of HyperC
LLIMBS |
|
Definition
Low calcium diet
Loop diuretics (Lasix)
Isotonic saline infusion, Increase fluids (3-4 L)
Mobilization
Bisphosphonate- Aredia & Zometa for cancer
Synthetic calcitonin (IM or Subq) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Multiple blood transfusions
Alkalosis
Acute Pancreatitis (lipolysis)
Increased calcium loss (laxative abuse & malabsorption syndrome)
Decreased production of PTH (injury/ removal) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Convulsions
Arrhythmias
Tetany & tingling around mouth & extremities
Spasms & Stridor
*Positives Trousseau or Chvostek |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Food w/ calcium & Vitamin D
Rebreather (controls spasms & tetany)
IV/Oral supplement (gluconate, carbonate &chloride)
Treat cause, pain & anxiety |
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